Earth Science Unit 2 Test

Weathering is the breaking up of materials through exposure to processes at the surface, and erosion is the movement or removal of materials by natural agents.

Through high temperatures and pressures (remember that any rock can become metamorphic, even other metamorphic rocks)

Igneous rocks are rocks that formed when magma/lava hardens.

An igneous rock that hardened on the surface

An igneous rock that hardened beneath the surface. An intrusive rock will have larger crystals.

Because color can be effected by exposure to other materials, age, or impurities. Streak will always be the same.

The mineral's cleavage

The alignment of atoms in a mineral

1. compound-contains two or more elements 2. native minerals-contains only one element

Protons are part of atoms and are found in the nucleus. They have a negative charge. The number of protons is equal to a particle's negative charge, and the number of protons determine atomic number

Atoms are parts of elements, and are VERY small. They are composed of electrons, neutrons, and protons.

A rock is a mixture. Rocks can be ground up and separated into minerals physically.

This scale is a scale from 1-10 that places minerals along the chart based on how how easily they can be scratched by a fingernail, a nail, and a penny

Luster- the mineral's shine Streak- the color that is left when the mineral is rubbed against a streak plate Cleavage- the tendency of a mineral to break along a flat plain

Compounds and mixtures are both combinations of atoms, but mixtures can be separated by physical means, and compounds can only be separated chemically