Diving Ducks

15 cards | Total Attempts: 188 | Created by knomura | Last updated: Sep 22, 2015 | Total Attempts: 188

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Diving Duck Foraging

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Cards In This Set

Front	Back
Diving Duck Foraging	Dive to forage in deeper areas Feed more toward center of pools Specialized for diving Larger feet, more webbed surface and smaller wings (better for underwater swimming) Need more room to take off due to smaller wings Diving ducks run across the water surface to take off Almost all diving ducks waddle a lot more
General Diving Duck Characteristics	All migratory Diet: aquatic plants and invertebrates Habitat: marshes, ponds, lakes, bays, estuaries, prairie potholes, pretty much any water body Reproduction: monogamous, precocial
	Canvasback (Anseriformes: Anatidae) Description Red head and eye Long black bill White back (canvasback!) Long sloping profile 20-24" Most sought after by hunters (Have specimen) Range: breeding in NW north america Winter in coastal US and mexico Migration: Habitat: Diet: Clutch: 7-11 eggs (mean, rang:2-16) Reproduction: Make floating nests made of vegetation Tied into tulles and bullrushes Nests parasitized by Redheads Fewer predators in water Status: stable game species Historic concern about declines since they are such a valuable game species Taken care of now Intensively managed
	Redhead (Anseriformes: Anatidae) Description Round red head, yellow eye Gray body (darker than Canvasback) Bluish bill with black tip 18-23" Range: Breeding range: some in alaski, but mostly prairie pothole country N US, W Canada Winter range: S and coastal US and mexico Migration: Habitat: Diet: Clutch: 8-14 eggs (mean) Reproduction: Floating cup nest of vegetation Brood parasitism (egg dumping( in nests of other redheads and canvasbacks) Status: stable game species In graphs you can see that dips may be associated with droughts.
	Ring-necked duck (Anderiformes: Anatidae) Description Black back Sharp peak on head White patch before wing Slight red ring on neck White line at base of bill 15-18" (have specimen) Range: Breeding: N US, Canada All across the Tiga zone of Canada, trees, spruce Not in prairies because they like to have trees around ponds Winter: Coastal and S US to Panama Migration: Habitat: wooded lakes and ponds Diet: general Clutch:9-10 eggs (mean) Reproduction: nest is a scrap in the ground lined with vegetation and down Status: increasing Game species
	Greater Scaup Description Dull green head White lower body Grey back (grey pattern on back) 16-20" Bill is blue with a little hook on the end (that is black sometimes) Sometimes called blue bills Range: Breeding: circumpolar Alaska, here and the across canada, and in quebeq area Siberia and eurasia as well Winter Coastal North America Common in San Pablo Bay Migration: Habitat: breeds in tundra bonds, winters in bays and estuaries Diet: emphasizes mollusks (primarily mollusks) Clutch: 8-9 eggs (mean, range 4-13) Reproduction: scrape in the ground lined with vegetation and down Status: declining (despite improved nesting habitat); often counted with lesser scaup
	Lesser Scaup (Anseriformes: Anatidae) Description Dull purple head Lower body grayer than Greater Scaup 5-18" Range: breeding in NW North America Winter in S and Coastal US to N south America Not as tied to salt water as the greater scaup Migration: Habitat: Diet: Clutch: 9-11 eggs (mean, range: 6-14) Reproduction: scrapes Status: Hard to tell greater and lesser apart so they have to consider both species at the same time Scaups have declined during the 1990s despite improved nesting habitat Greater scaup appears to have more trouble Possible causes for decline: Water pollution Poor habitat and food resources Low female nest success Federal agencies have increased monitoring to track these declines
	Bufflehead (Anseriformes: Anatidae) Description Mostly white with black back Bonnet-like white patch on head Taller not very wide bill Small duck Range: Breeding: alaska and Canada Southern Canada to Alaska Winter: along coasts and interior of North America Common in our area Migration: Habitat: Diet: Clutch: 8-9 eggs (mean) Reproduction: nest in cavity near water Status: increasing game species; will use nest boxes when available
	Common Goldeneye (Anseriformes: Anatidae)< >Description< >Green-glossed headRound white spot on faceGreen head=generally largerStriations on wing, a lot more white than black in the wing areaFeet stick out right at the rear endRange: breeding: across canada< >Winter: across southern canada and US Pretty much all overMigration:Habitat:Diet: also eats some small fishClutch: 7-10 eggs (mean)Reproduction: nest in cavity tree near water, readily uses nest boxesNest parasitism (egg dumping) is common where cavities are scarceStatus: stable, game species
	Barrow's Goldeneye (Anseriformes: Anatidae) Description Tear drop white patch (not round dot) Purple glossed head More black in wing striation Range: Breeding: AK, Canada, NW US, Greenland Winter: Coastal North Pacific and Atlantic Migration: Habitat: Diet: Clutch: 6-12 eggs (mean) Reproduction: nest in tree cavity, will use nest boxes Form multi-year pair bonds, but male deserts after egg laying Status: probably stable, but declines in Alaska; game species
Sea Ducks	Inhabit coastlines forage like diving ducks have larger feet and smaller wings than diving ducks
	Labrador Duck (extinct) (Anseriformes: Anatidae) Description Black and white coloration pattern Range: islands off Labrador? NE Coast of North america Migration: Habitat:maritime Diet: mussels, sweep foraging Clutch: Reproduction: precocial, monogamous? Ground scrap nest? Status; Extinct A natural extinction? Islands Introductions on islands can be devastating Habitat destruction Introductions Only 42 specimens exist in museums First described in 1789 by Gmelin, already scarce 180s rarely seen 1875, last specimen shot on long island 1878 final shot, specimen shot by a small boy Egg harvesting Especially if heavy toll every year Over-hunting Unlikely, not very tasty Shellfish decline due to pollution Habitat loss Natural attributes that cause vulnerability: Colonial breeders (all your eggs in one place)-egg harvesting Naturally scarce-overhunting Specialized feeder-prey decline Small range-habitat loss
	Surf Scoter (Anseriformes: Anatidae) Description Black with one or two white patches on head Orange, black, and white bill Skunk duck White patch on neck White eye Special enlargement on each side of bill Salt gland: removes salt from salt water! Blow the salt out of their nostrils Range: Breeding: alaska to NE Canada Winter: both coasts of North America Migration: migratory Habitat: ocean surf and salt bays Breeds in fresh arctic lakes an tundra Winters along coast Diet: eats mostly mollusks and crustaceans Clutch: 7-8 eggs (mean) Reproduction: nests in clump of willow or grass, occasionally far form water (otherwise typical) Status: declines extensively during the 20th century. (harvested by market hunters, easy to shoot because they fly right along the waves) Currently a stable game species
	Common Merganser (Anseriformes: Anatidae) Description Long, white body Green-black head Fish duck Bill is long and narrow, hooked red bill Little teeth along side of bill Sometimes grouped with sea ducks Range: Breeding: across canada and parts of US (not in duck factory) Winter: across US, along big rivers Migration: Habitat: typical Diet: mostly fish and aquatic invertebrates Drive fish into the shallows as a group Clutch: 8-10 eggs (mean) Reproduction: nest in cavities , hole nesters Females use same nest sites for multiple years Status: increasing game species
	Ruddy Duck Description Rusty red with white cheek Black Tail often cocked vertically Categorized as a stifftail duck Feathers stiff, almost sharp on tail Small Black head Blue bill Range: Breeding: canada, midwest and NE US Prairie pothole Winter NW and S US, Mexico, and West Indies Migration: Habitat: typical; spend most of their time in water and are awkward on land Diet: Clutch: 6-20 eggs (no stats), closer to 20 than 6 since it is a smaller bird (few studies of ruddy duck egg production) Reproduction: nest in tall vegetation (tulles, bull rushes) Occasionally brood parasite Status: stable game species Ruddy ducks in Europe 3 pairs were introduced to waterfowl in England in the late 1940s Escaped and spread across UK and into France and Spain Currently ~4000 Ruddy Ducks in Europe Ruddy ducks hybridize with European white-headed duck, which is near extinction in Europe (white headed was already near extinction) Hybridization is the greatest threat to the white-headed ducks Recent efforts are testing the effects of culling the ruddy duck pops