DIRTY 230 CH 2

Sigmund Freud: the founder of Psychoanalytic Theory. Freud was the founder of the psychoanalytic school. Two most controversial concepts: personality formation and psychosexual development.

Human behavior is motivated by instincts and drives. The two most powerful drives are libido and thanatos.

Libido is sexual motivation and is the more powerful drive over Thanatos.

Thanatos is aggressiveness motivation and is less powerful than Libido (sexual motivation).

At birth, a child has only the id portion of the personality, which functions as the pleasure center.
The collection of unconscious urges and desires that continually seek expression.

By the second year of life, the ego develops as the child interacts with environment. Ego keeps the ID in check.
The part of the personality that mediates between environmental demands (reality), conscience (superego), and instinctual needs (ID).

The superego develops by the age of 5. It contains both societal and parental values and puts more restrictions on what a person can and cannot do. It acts as our conscience, and its most effective weapon is guilt.
The social and parental standards an individual has internalized: the conscience.

A girl who has been raised in a religion household and who wants to wait to have sex finds herself messing around with her bf one night (an ID action.) If feels good, and the id is being fulfilled. Reality then kicks in (the ego) and she realizes she's about to have sex in the backseat of her car. This causes her to reevaluate the situation and because she's been taught that premarital sex is wrong, she feels guilty (superego).

Freud believed that one's basic personality was formed by events that happened in the first 6 years of life. During each stage of development, Freud identified a different erogenous zone (areas of the body that are particularly sensitive to touch and are associated with sexual pleasure) in which libidinal energy was directed. If the stage was not successfully completed, the libidinal energy was tied up in that zone and the child could experience a fixation. Includes the oral, anal, phallic and genital stages.

Last through the first 18 months of life. Problems in this stage can result to: Oral fixation: cigarette smoking, overeating, fingernail chewing, alcohol abuse.

Begins when a child starts toilet training. Problems during this stage could lead to traits such as Anal Retentive: obsessive orderliness/cleanlinessAnal Expulsive (Think explosive=off the wall behavior): reckless, careless, defiant.

According to Freud, this is the most important stage which occurs between the ages of 3 and 6 years. Freud believed that during the phallic stage, boys go through the Oedipus complex and girls go through an Electra complex and develop penis envy.
Oedipus Complex: A male child's sexual attraction for his mother and the consequent conflicts.
Electra complex: The incestuous desire of a daughter for her father. Because the Electra stage is never fully resolved women are less psychologically mature than men.

Before puberty, the child passes through the latency stage, and sexual interest goes underground. During this stage, little boys think girls have "cooties" and childhood play exists in same-sex groups. *Sexual is subdued*Children segregate themselves

*Women are angry, resentful, feels as if they have already been castrated*Can never fully rational beings because they cant move past this stage-----> have a baby, become frigid, lesbianism

Boys have a sexual desire and transfer sexual desire onto acceptable target