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Super's theory
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-describes how careers develop and proposing developmental career interventions
-over 40 years ago
-Super calls it a "differential-developmental social-phenomenological career theory"
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Where did Super's ideas come from? . . . from Ginsburg, Ginsburg, Axelrad, and Herma
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-Career is developmental.
-Compromises are made between individual wishes and occupational possibilities
-Three stages (fantasy, tentative, realistic)
-4 factors shape individual's career decisions
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Fantasy stage
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Birth to 11 years
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Tentative stage
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11-17 years
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Realistic stage
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17 - early 20s
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4 factors that shape individual's career decisions
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1. individual values
2. Emotional factors
3. Amount & kind of education
4. Effect of reality through environmental pressure
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Saw other theory as deficient
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B/c
- it did not take into account research related to role of interests in career decision making
-failed to operationally describe "choice"
-make a sharp distinction b/w choice & adjustment
-lacked a clear articulation of the process of compromise as it relates to career choice
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There is no "Super's theory:
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There is just the assemblage of theorys that I have sought to synthesize. In another sense, the synthesis is a theory." Donald Super
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3 key aspects of career development
(according to Super)
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1. Life span
2. Life space
3. Self-concept
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Notes about Super's Theory
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-10 original assumptions
-gathered from various theoretical perspectives
-represents shift from vocation to career
-represents shift from exclusive focus on content of career choice and highlights the process of career development over the lifespan
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Maturity (in Super's theory)
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Refers to having the cognitive and attitudinal readiness to make educational/vocational choices.
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Adaptability (super)
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Has become essential characteristic of modern worker
adaptability becomes readiness to cope with predictable tasks of preparing for and participating in the work role AND the unpredictable adjustments prompted by change sin work and work setting.
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Life Span (super)
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-Career is a lifelong process
-Career develops within context of psychosocial development and societal expectations and against the backdrop of the occupational opportunity structure.
-Career is the "life course of a person encountering a series of developmental tasks and attempting to handle them in such a way as to become the kind of person he or she wants to become." (Super 1990)
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Life Span - 5 Stages
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1. Growth (childhood)
2. Exploration (adolescence)
3. Establishment (early adulthood)
4. Maintenance (middle adulthood)
5. Disengagement (late adulthood)
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Super warns that although stages COULD be linear,
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They are most likely NOT linear.
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