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Cards In This Set
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What is responsible for the inspiratory splitting of S2?
- Closure of aortic, then pulmonic valves
- closure of aortic, then tricuspid valves
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CLOSURE OF AORTIC, THEN PULMONIC VALVES
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What is occuring during systole?
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- ventricles contract and eject blood
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What is occuring during diastole?
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Ventrciles relax and atria contract to move blood into the ventricles and fill the coronary arteries
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S1
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"LUBB"
It is caused by the sudden block of reverse blood flow due to closure of the atrioventricular valves, i.e. mitral and tricuspid, at the beginning of ventricular contraction, or systole.
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S2
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"DUB"
It is caused by the sudden block of reversing blood flow due to closure of the aortic valve and pulmonary valve at the end of ventricular systole, i.e beginning of ventricular diastole
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S3
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Rarely, there may be a third heart sound also called a protodiastolic gallop, ventricular gallop.
It occurs at the beginning of diastole after S2 and is lower in pitch than S1 or S2 as it is not of valvular origin
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S4
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The rare fourth heart sound is sometimes audible in healthy children and again in trained athletes, but when audible in an adult is called a presystolic gallop or atrial gallop. This gallop is produced by the sound of blood being forced into a stiff/hypertrophic ventricle. It is a sign of a pathologic state, usually a failing left ventricle, but can also be heard in other conditions such as restrictive cardiomyopathy. The sound occurs just after atrial contraction ("atrial kick") at the end of diastole and immediately before S1,
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25 yo CC: fatigue. exam: you listen to her heart and hear a murmur only at the cardiac apex. which valve is most likely to be involved based on the location of the murmer?
- Mitrial
- Pulmonic
- Tricuspid
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MITRIAL
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You are screening ppl at the mall. the first person who comes for screening has BP of 132/85. How do you categoize this?
- prehypertension
- stage 1 hypertension
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PREHYPERTENSION
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U are evaling a 40 yo banker for cornoary HD risk factors. he has history of hypertension, controlled on meds. No smoke, exercises 5x week. Calculate his 10yr CHD risk, which condition is a CHD risk equivalent?
- Hypertension?
- Peripheral arterial disease
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PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE
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Pt ER for SOB. u are concerned about cardiac cause and measure his jugular venous Pressure, it is elevated, which condition is a possible cause of elevated JVP?
- Aortic aneurysm
- Constrictive pericarditis
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CONSTRICTIVE PERICADITIS
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Palpate the apical impulse in a pt with heart disease and find that amplitude is diffuse and increased, which of the following conditions is a potential cause of an increase in amplitude of impulse?
- aortic stenosis
- cardiomyopathy
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AORTIC STENOSIS
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U are concerned that a pt has na aortic regurgitation murmur. Which is the best position to accentuate the murmur.
- upright, but leaning forward
- Supine
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UPRIGHT, BUT LEANING FORWARD
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Which of the following events occurs at the start of diastole?
- closure of tricuspid valve
- closure of aortic valve
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CLOSURE OF AORTIC VALVE
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In healthy adults over 20 how often sould BP,BMi, waist circ, and p be measured?
every 1 year
every 2 years
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Every 2 years
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