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Creation of Von Thunen Model
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>Johann von Thunen (1783-1850)>Early 1800's>German landholder>noticed patterns across rural landscape >some things produced closer to towns;others away from towns>good explanatory power>all farmers in Germany=capitalist producers at time of model creation
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Von Thunen model
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>transportation defines model >as distance increases, transportation costs increase (model expresses this)\>set of concentric zones>outer areas surrounding cities/towns=short shelf life products>farther away from cities/towns=longer shelf life products>farthest away from cities/towns=land is extensive
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Von Thunen model defining investment
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>higher investment in production per unit of land occurs close to the market >to keep transportation costs down-keep distance distance little and farm intensively on small area of land>lower investment in production per unit of land in outer concentric rings
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First concentric circle in Von Thunen model
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Market gardening and dairying
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Second concentric circle in Von Thunen model
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Forest
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Third concentric circle in Von Thunen model
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>increasingly extensive field crops>grains
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Fourth concentric circle in Von Thunen model
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>ranching>livestock
>most extensive land |
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Assumptions of Von Thunen model
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1. uniform terrain & climate2. uniform/equal access to market (by farmers) >perfect set of roads in all directions equally to market3. all farmers produce for the market (for profit) >capitalist framework >remember in developing countries we have subsistence farmers- model does not apply to subsistence farmers
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Uruguay
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>good case study of Von Thunen model
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Why is Uruguay a good case study for the Von Thunen model?
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>characteristics can control for some of the assumptions of the model>country is small>concentric boundary>landscape not characterized by extreme/varying landscape (mountains, rivers, etc.)>one major urban center in this country >Montevideo (city)
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Types of agriculture in Uruguay
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1. market gardening2. dairying3. cultivated crops >wheat, grain crops >overlaps with dairying4. grazing >cattle & sheep
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Differences between actual agriculture in Uruguay and Von Thunen model prediction
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1. overlap between market gardening & dairying (zones 1 & 2)2. zone of cultivated crops (zone 3) pulled towards Uraguay River >river could be a transportation system >river as source of irrigation3. grazing zone (zone 4) is in close proximity to the city and to market gardening & dairying zones (zones 1 & 2)
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Why are there differences between actual agriculture in Uruguay and Von Thunen model prediction?
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>physical geography >elevation & plateau >may not have the right kind of elevation & climate for production >low elevation by river and city >elevation defines most/least intensive production
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Why doesn't Uruguay fit the Von Thunen model?
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It fails to meet assumption 1 >uniform terrain & climate
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Production of Durum Wheat
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>used to make semolina flour, couscous in Africa, pasta>only produced in the North, the Southwest, & California
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