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Sexual dimorphism
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Universal differences in size and strength between males and females
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Gender division of labor
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Types of work typically preformed by males or females
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Strength theory
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An explanation for the gender division of labor that suggests that men's work typically involves tasks requiring greater strength and greater aerobic capacity
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Compatibility-with-child-care-theory
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An explanation for the gender division of labor that suggests that women's work will typically involve tasks that do not take women far from home for long periods, do not place children in potential danger if they are taken along, or can be stopped and resumed if an infant needs care
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Economy-of-effort theory
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An explanation for the gender division of labor that suggests that it may be advantageous for a gender to do tasks that follow in a production sequence or that are located near each other
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Expendability theory
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An explanation for the gender division of labor that suggests that men will tend to do the dangerous work in a society because the loss of men is less disadvantageous reproductively than the loss of women
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Primary subsistence activities
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Food-getting activities
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Secondary subsistence activities
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Those that involve the preparation and processing of food
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Incest taboo
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Prohibition of sexual intercourse or marriage between a mother and son, father and daughter, and brother and sister
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Inbreeding theory
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All human societies have recognized that interbreeding of close relatives can express harmful recessives in the offspring and have therefore banned such matings
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Consanguinity
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Culturally defined blood relationship
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Affinity
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Culturally defined relationship by marriage
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Descent group
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A group of people who claim descent from a common ancestor
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Matrilineal descent
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Affiliates an individual with kin of both sexes related to him or her through females ancestors only
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Matrilocal residence
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At marriage, the couple moves to live with or near the wife's parents
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