CU PSYC1001 - King - Final Exam

The urge to move towards one’s goals; to accomplish tasks

· inherently biological states of deficiency (cellular or bodily) that compel drives

Perceived states of tension that occur when our bodies are deficient in some need, creating an urge to relieve the tension

Any external object or event that motivates behavior

Looks at internal drives to explain why people do what they do

Hunger, thirst, body temperature regulation, oxygen, sex

· argues that when physiological systems are out of balance or depleted, we are driven to reduce this depleted state – drive

· the process by which all organisms work to maintain physiological equilibrium or balance around an optimal set point

The ideal fixed setting of particular physiological system, such as internal body temperature (Humans have set points for hunger, thirst, respiration, etc.)

Proposes that humans function best at an “optimal level of arousal”

Showed that both low arousal (asleep or not paying attention) and high arousal (highly excited or anxious) lead to poor performance, whereas moderate levels of arousal lead to optimal performance

· developed by Abraham Maslow, combines drives and incentives; needs range from basic physiological to high psychological needs, only when lower level needs have been satisfied can people focus on higher level needs Lev

el 5: Self actualization – the inherent drive to realize one’s full potential Level 4: Esteem needs – need to appreciate oneself and one’s worth and to be respected and appreciated by other Level 3: Love and belongingness – desire for friendship, sex, a mate, and children, as well as the desire to belong to a family or social group Level 2: Safety and security – needs for physical security, stability, dependency, protection, and freedom from threatsLevel 1: Physiological – need for food, water, oxygen, and adequate body temperature

The stomach: growling sensation results from gastric secretions activated by the brain when we see, think of, or smell food; humans who have their stomachs removed will still feel hunger o Blood: most important source of energy for the body is glucose; our blood sugar level drops when we go without eating for long periods of time, when this happens, the hypothalamus (which obtains food) triggers the drive to obtain foodThe brain: the body signals the hypothalamus about the nutritional needs of cells (acts as hunger’s sensory detector) Hormones and neurochemicals: some substances stimulate appetite and others suppress it

§ Neuropeptide Y (NPY): released in the hypothalamus when an animal is hungry or unfed, and stimulates appetite § Ghrelin: sends signals of hunger to the brain, levels rise when we are hungry and fall drastically after we eat § Endocannabinoids: naturally occurring neurochemicals that can increase appetite; blocking receptor sites for endocannabinoids leads to weight loss and a decrease in eating § Melanin