CSW Chapter 4: Viticulture

19 million acres producing 70 million tons, 70% of which go to wine. The world's most important fruit crop.

A single TRUNK that connects to a ROOT SYSTEM and then above ground connects to BRANCHES, SHOOTS and LEAVES above ground. There are usually two ARMS or CORDONS. SPURS develop which, if allowed, turn into CANES and if allowed to thicken into ARMS/CORDONS. The ARMS support the LEAVES and GRAPE bunches. The entire top portion of the vine including the fruit is referred to as the CANOPY.

To protect the seed from damage and to nourish it while it matures.

The green color camouflages until ripe then the red color and sugar entice birds to eat the grapes in order to spread the seeds.

This refers to the 3rd season after a new vine is planted or grafted. This is the first year that grapes are harvested although normally takes 6 years before grapes are considered quality grapes.

Generally after 20 years vines reduce in output, but can increase in quality. Over 20 years can be considered old vines, but often designated more for 50 or more years. Even 100 year old vines produce quality wine, although that old they produce very few grapes.

30 to 50 degrees latitude both north and south of the Equator.

2.47

• Winter dormancy period
• Bud break
• Flowering (40 to 80 days after bud break)
• Fruit Set or Berry Set (transition from flowers to berries) (Almost immediately after flowering)
• Veraison (45 days after Fruit Set)
• Harvest (45 to 60 days after Veraison)
• Back to winter dormancy (and pruning)

50F (10C)

Nothing. they are self-pollinating. A light wind can help. A strong wind can hurt. (Pollination is fertilization which creates a seed).

Warm, dry weather.

"Coulure" in French or "Shatter" in English.

Also known as "millerandage" or "pumpkins and peas" or "hens and chicks". This is when grape bunches have a high proportion of small seedless berries mixed in. Caused by bad weather during flowering.

.5 to .75 inches.