Criminology Theories


The gap between the American Dream’s goal of economic success and the opportunity to obtain this goal creates structural strain. Norms weaken and ‘anomie’ ensues, thus creating high crime rates. When other social institutions (such as the family) are weak to begin with or also weakened by the American Dream, the economic institution is dominant. When such an institutional imbalance exists—as in the United States—then Theories on Criminology.

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Cards In This Set

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Anomie
Emile Durkenheim The gap between the American Dream’s goal of economic success and the opportunity to obtain this goal creates structural strain.
Rational Choice Theory
Beccaria Crime occurs when the benefits outweigh the costs
Social Disorganization
Shaw & McKay Disorganized communities cause crime because informal social controls break down and criminal cultures emerge.
Arousal Theory
Some people have a high arousal rate and seek a powerful stimuli to find a high level of arousal = criminal tendencies
General Strain Theory
Cohen, Cloward & Ohlin, Agnew When somone can't reach goals they experience strain or pressure. Under certain conditions, will turn to crime.
Relative Deprivation
Peter and Judith Blau The experience of being deprived of something to which one thinks one is entitled, and acting out
Psychological Trait Theory
The measurement of traits, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion.
Neurophysiological Perspective
The study in biosocial criminology is that of psycho-physiological factors whichpredispose to crime
Focal Concerns
The value orientations of lower-class cultures; features include the needs for excitement, trouble, smartness, and personal autonomy.
Biosocial Theory
The view that physical, social and environmental conditions work in concert to produce human behavior
R/K Selection Theory
The evolutionary pressures tend to drive animals in one of two directions quick reproduction or investing in offspring
Punishment's for Rational Choice
Jeremy Bentham To prevent offenses or to convince to commit a less crime, limits harm to others prevent minimal cost to others
Rushton's Theory
Based on r/k theory - racial comparisons
Psychoanalytical Theory
Sigmund Freud the study of human psychological functioning and behaviour.
Routine Activity Theory
The more an individual's everyday routines expose the individual to risk