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Anomie
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Emile Durkenheim
The gap between the American Dream’s goal of economic success and the opportunity to obtain this goal creates structural strain.
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Rational Choice Theory
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Beccaria
Crime occurs when the benefits outweigh the costs
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Social Disorganization
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Shaw & McKay Disorganized communities cause crime because informal social controls break down and criminal cultures emerge.
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Arousal Theory
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Some people have a high arousal rate and seek a powerful stimuli to find a high level of arousal = criminal tendencies
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General Strain Theory
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Cohen, Cloward & Ohlin, Agnew
When somone can't reach goals they experience strain or pressure. Under certain conditions, will turn to crime.
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Relative Deprivation
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Peter and Judith Blau
The experience of being deprived of something to which one thinks one is entitled, and acting out
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Psychological Trait Theory
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The measurement of traits, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion.
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Neurophysiological Perspective
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The study in biosocial criminology is that of psycho-physiological factors whichpredispose to crime
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Focal Concerns
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The value orientations of lower-class cultures; features include the needs for excitement, trouble, smartness, and personal autonomy.
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Biosocial Theory
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The view that physical, social and environmental conditions work in concert to produce human behavior
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R/K Selection Theory
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The evolutionary pressures tend to drive animals in one of two directions quick reproduction or investing in offspring
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Punishment's for Rational Choice
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Jeremy Bentham
To prevent offenses or to convince to commit a less crime, limits harm to others
prevent minimal cost to others
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Rushton's Theory
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Based on r/k theory - racial comparisons
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Psychoanalytical Theory
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Sigmund Freud the study of human psychological functioning and behaviour.
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Routine Activity Theory
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The more an individual's everyday routines expose the individual to risk
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