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Cards In This Set
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1 in ? adults in the correctional system
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31
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? prisoners in the US at the year end 2010
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1,518,104
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? incarcerated in the US at 2010
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2,266,800
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Socrates via Plato (apology)
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- Rehabilitation or general deterrence- People who are guilty of the worst sins don't really benefit from being imprisoned, but others benefit via general deterrence- Being imprisoned = being in debt
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Plato's proposal for types of prisons (laws)
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1) Public building near the market place2) Reform center3) Isolation for the incorrigibles; incurable
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Tracing prisons
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Egypt (2050-1786 BC) - imprisoned enemies more than own peopleHammurabi (1792-1750 BC)- imprisonment used for debtorsAssyrian Empire (746-539 BC)Idea: Long history of prisons, even if they were not the main type of punishment
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Roman Law
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Twelve Tables (451 BC)- geared towards debtorsPerseus imprisoned (2nd century BC)- thrown into a dungeon underground; sets idea for what kind of environment it should beUlpian (death circa 224)- confinement itself is punishment
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England (1150 - 1550)
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- Tower of london- Henry II (1154-1189)- mandated that all sheriffs build jails to hold people until trial- By 1520, around 180 offenses punishable by imprisonment- Most prisoners were debtors- Prisoners as customers- Occupied by trade or even begging
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John Howard (1777)
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- Shocked by the state of prisons in England and Wales- Theres no uniformity or rules; disorder everywhere- Jail should be the counterpoint to disorder like this from which crime springs
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1780-1865 England
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- Confinement becomes more uniform- Punishment disappears from public view- Stigma- although the prison is there to rehabilitate, the public never fully buys that idea; prisoners are bad, ex-convicts are bad
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Colonial Age punishment- repeat and confess
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- Trial is occasion to repent- Loss of liberty not a stand price of offending because society is short on labor
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Post-revolution- against England
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Benjamin RUse- fall away from capital punishment that English used so much, but we still need punishment
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Changing Tides
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- European movement: rationalism, equality, individualism- Environment may have an impact on human behavior
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Penitentiary system begins. What is the first jail?
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Walnut Street Jail (1790)
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Penitentiary development, NY vs. Penn
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- Eastern State (1829): need to keep prisoners in complete isolation, no contact with anyone for them to reflect on themselves (solitary confinement)- Auburn (1816)- worked and ate together with others, but not allowed to talk; said ESP idea was too expensive. Was more popular than ESP
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