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Cards In This Set
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CN I : Olfactory Nerve
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Cell Bodies: Nasal epithelium
Cranial Entrance/Exit: Cribriform plate Important Notes: Travels to the olfactory bulbs under the frontal loves of the cerebrum GSA: Sense of smell Damage: Anosmia (loss of smell) |
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CN II : Optic Nerve
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Cell Bodies: Retina of the eyes
Cranial Entrance/Exit: Optic Canal Important Notes: Travels to the diencephalon via the optic chiasma to the Thalamus GSA: Sense of sight |
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CN III : Oculomotor Nerve
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Cell Bodies: Midbrain
Cranial Entrance/Exit: Superior Orbital Fissure Important Notes: Raise the upper eyelid; provides parasympathetic innervation to the intrinsic eye muscles to control pupillary constriction and lens shape GVE: Neurons travel to intrinsic smooth muscle GSE: Neurons travel to 4 of the 6 extrinsic eye muscles Damage: Ptosis (drooping of upper lid) Strambismus (eyes in different directions; paralysis of most eye muscles) Diplopia (double vision) |
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CN IV: Trochlear Nerve
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Cell Bodies: Midbrain
Cranial Entrance/Exit: Superior Orbital Fissure Important Notes: Travels to the eye orbit; induces eye movement GSE: Supplies a single extrinsic eye muscle (superior oblique) |
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CN V : Trigeminal Nerve
CN V1 : Opthalmic Nerve CN V2: Maxillary Nerve CN V3: Mandibular Nerve |
Cell Bodies: Pons
Cranial Entrance/Exit: CN V1 = Superior Orbital Fissure CN V2 = Foramen Rotundum CN V3 = Foramen Ovale Important Notes: All branches travel to different regions of the anterior head and face CN V1: GSA to somatic sensory nerve areas around the orbit, forehead, anterior scalp, frontal sinuses and upper nasal cavity CN V2: GSA to somatic sensory nerve areas of the mid-face, such as the lower eyelid, nasal cavity and nose, cheeks, upper teeth and gums, upper lip and palate -Causes maxillary tooth pain! CN V3: GSE to muscles of mastication GSAs to somatic sensory area of the face corresponding to a man's beard, including the lower lip, teeth, gums and anterior 2/3 of the tongue Damage: Trigeminal neuralgia (inflammation of sensory component; can lead to intense, pulsating pain) |
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CN VI : Abducens Nerve
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Cell Bodies: Pons
Cranial Entrance/Exit: Superior Orbital Fissure Important Notes: Abducts the eye! GSE: Supplies single extrinsic muscle (lateral rectus) |
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CN VII: Facial Nerve
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Cell Bodies: Pons
Cranial Entrance/Exit: Internal Auditory Meatus, Stylomastoid Foramen Important Notes: Special sensory fibers originate in taste receptors in the Anterior 2/3rds of the tongue; parasympathetic fivers destined for some of the salivary glands and the lacrimal gland; muscles of facial expression GSA: Salivary glands and lacrimal glands GSE: Facial muscles movements GVE: Taste receptors in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue Damage (only 1 side of the face effected!!!): GVE = dry eye/dry mouth GSA = loss of taste in anterior 2/3 of the tongue GSE = Bell's palsy (paralyzed facial muscles) |
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CN VIII : Vestibulocochlear Nerve
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Cell Bodies: Brainstem
Cranial Entrance/Exit: Internal Auditory Meatus Does NOT exit the cranium GSA: Equilibrium (vestibular branch); Hearing (cochlear branch) |
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CN IX : Glossopharyngeal Nerve
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Cell Bodies: Medulla
Cranial Entrance/Exit: Jugular Foramen Important Notes: Sensory part of the gag reflex (posterior 1/3 of tongue)! GVA: From corotid arteries, vicerval motor (parasympathetic) to the parotid gland GSA: taste (special sensory) to the 1/3 posterior tongue |
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CN X : Vagus Nerve
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Cell Bodies: Medulla
Cranial Entrance/Exit: Jugular Foramen Important Notes: "Wandering" (Vagabond) nerve that distributes to the head, neck, thorax and abdomen Travels to the surface of the esophagus GSA: Palate GVA: From fibers GSA: muscles of the palate and larynx Motor part of the gag reflex!!! GVE: Heart, lungs, etc Damage: Hoarseness (larynx problems) Difficulty swallowing (palate to one side) No gag reflex |
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CN XI : Spinal Accessory Nerve
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Cell Bodies: Medulla and Upper Spinal Cord
Cranial Entrance/Exit: Jugular Foramen Important Notes: Pierces the medial surface of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle, goes through it, courses across the posterior neck and enters the trapezius GSE: Innervates Trapezius muscle to the SCM Damage: Paralysis of Trapezius and SCM muscles (difficulty turning head to the opposite side) |
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CN XII : Hypoglossal Nerve
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Cell Bodies: Medulla Oblongata
Cranial Entrance/ Exit: Hypoglossal Canal Important Notes: Descend near vagus nerve and curves anteriorly, medial to the inferior border of the mandible, to enter the base of the tongue GSE: To the tongue muscles Test: Patient to stick tongue out; if deviates to one side, it shows the damages side of the nerve Damage: Paralysis (tongue deviates to paralyzed side) |
