COND & LEARN 8 9 10

A relation in which the significance of one stimulus or event depends on the status of another stimulus

: An approach to the analysis of stimulus control which assumes that organisms respond to a compound stimulus as an integral whole rather than a collection of separate and independent stimulus elements. (Compare with stimulus element approach)

A stimulus that controls the performance of instrumental behavior because it signals the availability (or nonavailability) of reinforcement

A gradient of responding that is observed when organisms are tested with the S+ from a discrimination procedure and with stimuli that increasingly differ from the S+. Typically the highest level of responding occurs to stimuli similar to the S+; progressively less responding occurs to stimuli that increasingly differ from the S+. Thus, the gradient has an inverted-U shape

A procedure in which one cue designates when another cue will be reinforced. Also called occasion setting

A gradient of responding observed when organisms are tested with the S- from a discrimination procedure and with stimuli that increasingly differ from the S-. The lowest level of responding occurs to stimuli similar to the S-; progressively more responding occurs to stimuli that increasingly differ from S-. Thus, the gradient has a U shape

A discrimination between stimuli that differ only in terms of the value of one stimulus feature, such as color, brightness, or pitch

A stimulus that signals the relation between two other events. The nature of a binary relation may be determined by a third event, called a modulator

A procedure in which different reinforcement schedules are in effect in the presence of different stimuli presented in succession. Generally, each stimulus comes to evoke a pattern of responding that corresponds to whatever reinforcement schedule is in effect during that stimulus

A procedure in which one cue designates when another cue will be reinforced. Also called facilitation

Interference with the conditioning of a stimulus because of the simultaneous presence of another stimulus that is easier to condition

A displacement of the highest rate of responding in a stimulus generalization gradient away from the S+ in a direction opposite of the S-

Differential responding in the presence of two or more stimuli

(in classical conditioning) A classical conditioning procedure in which one stimulus (the CS+) is paired with the unconditioned stimulus on some trials and another stimulus (the CS-) is presented without the unconditioned stimulus on other trials. As a result of this procedure the CS+ comes to elicit a conditioned response and the CS- comes to inhibit this response

(in instrumental conditioning) A procedure in which reinforcement for responding is available whenever one stimulus (the S+, or S^D) is present and not available whenever another stimulus (the S-, or S^∆) is present