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Categorical proposition
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A statement or (proposition) that relates two categories -the categories in question are indicated by the subject term and predicate term- statement asserts that either all or part of the category indicated by the subject term is included in or excluded from the category indicated by the predicate term
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Subject term
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Term that comes immediately AFTER the quantifier
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Predicate term
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Term that comes immediately AFTER the copula
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Standard form categorical proposition
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A proposition that has one of the following forms1) whole subject class included in predicate classALL S are P2) part of subject class included in predicate classSOME S are P3) whole subject class excluded from predicate classNO S are P4) part of subject class excluded from predicate classSome S are NOT P
**many categorical propositions are not in standard form because they do not begin with ALL, NO, SOME |
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Quantifiers
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Words ALL, NO, SOME because they specify how much of subject class is included in or excluded from the predicate class-All indicates whole subject class included in predicate class- NO indicates whole subject class excluded from predicate class**the word SOME in deductive logic ALWAYS means at least one
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Copula
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Words "are"and "are not" -link or couple subject term with predicate term
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All S are not P
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Not Standard form, as one might think just from looking at it
-it is ambiguous and can be rendered as "No S are P" or "Some S are not P" depending on the content |
