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Cards In This Set
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U.S. goal for healthcare related to vulnerable populations=
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to eliminate health disparities by expanding access to health care for vulnerable or at-risk populations
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Define vulnerability=
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=susceptibility to actual or potential stressors that may lead to an adverse effect
Usually indicates: -Heightened risk of adverse health outcomes -Higher mortality rates -Less access to care (and disparities in quality of care) -Uninsured -Underinsured -Lower life expectancy -Overall diminished quality of life |
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Define vulnerable populations=
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Those groups with increased risk for developing adverse health outcomes
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Major concepts of vulnerability=
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1. Resource availability-Lack of resources increases a populations exposure to risk factors
-Socioeconomic
Human capitol
Social connectedness
-Environmental
Access issues
-Quality
funding2. Relative risk=Exposure to risk factors identified by substantial body of research
-Lifestyles and choices-Health screening services
-Stressful events
3. Health status-Morbidity and mortality rates-Prevalence rates |
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Predisposing factors to vulnerability=
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Demographic variables
Social variables
Health beliefs
Social structures
Sexual orientation
PovertyAge- very young and very old more vulnerable than others. Changes in normal physiology from disease, chronic illnessLife experiences (trauma, stressors, coping)
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Enabling Factors to Vulnerability=
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1. Personal resources2. Family resources3. Community resources
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Often, vulnerability is ______, when one problem is solved, another quickly emerges. (can lead to feelings of hopelessness)
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Cyclical
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List 4 acts of legislation affecting vulnerable populations=
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1. Social Security Act of 1935=DIRECT payments to individuals2. Social Security Act Amendments of 1965 (Medicare/Medicaid, Title XXI of Social Sec. Act of 1997: State Children's Health Insurance Program for uninsured children)=THIRD PARTY health care payers at federal and state levels3. Balanced Budget Act of 1997=Moved toward PROSPECTIVE PAYMENT for home health services4. Affordable Health care for America 2010
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Lack of _______ is a major contributor to vulnerable populations' limited access to health care
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Insurance
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T/F: Vulnerable populations are more expensive to treat compared to non-vulnerable populations.
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True-because they have multiple, cumulative risks and require special service delivery considerations
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Assessment of vulnerable populations should include=
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Socioeconomic resources
Preventive health needs: age appropriate screenings tests (BP, cholesterol, mammograms, etc)
Congenital and genetic predisposition to illness
Amount of stress: coping?
Living environment/neighborhood surroundings: environmental hazards
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Define resilience=
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Ability to resist the effects of vulnerability
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Give examples of types of vulnerable populations=
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1. Homeless and poor2. Pregnant adolescents3. Migrant workers4. Immigrants5. Severely mentally ill6. Substance abusers7. Victims of abuse and violence8. People with communicable diseases9. People with STDs, HIV, HepB
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Areas that specifically show health disparities across population groups are:
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1. Infant mortality 2. Childhood immunization rates3. Disease-specific mortality rates
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T/F: Race and ethnicity are NOT thought to cause vulnerability.
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True
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