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About how long is the Cold War last?
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About half a century (50 years)
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Why did the Western nations believe communism was doomed?
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There were signs of weakness in the Soviet system that became visible.
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What changes occurred in the Soviet Union under Nikita Khrushchev?
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Greater freedom of speech, government critics released from labor camps and prisons, shift of economy towards consumer goods, still a command economy.
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What happened when Hungary tried to break free of the Soviet Union?
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Khrushchev sent tanks to enforce obedience. (His successor Leonid Brezhnev did the same when Czechs challenged the Soviets in the "Prague Spring")
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How did the Soviet Union rebuild its industries after WWII?
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It took equipment from Germany.
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What was the result of the increase of resources of science and technology in the Soviet Union?
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Sputnik I; the first artificial satellite
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Why was the Soviet Union economy still in decline?
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The production of agricultural goods was severely low and, unlike in Tsarist times when the country was a major grain exporter, the Soviet Union had to purchase and ship in food for its people. The Soviets aimed to build their economy with consumer goods but they could not compete with Western Market economies and their products were inferior in craftsmanship. The government in Moscow did not know how much of each goods were needed and it ended up producing unneeded goods. The people were paid little but since they had a lifetime job security they put little effort into their work.
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Why was the Soviet Union unable to keep up with the United States in the arm race?
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The Soviet Unions economic decline made them unable to afford the cost to develop more nuclear weapons. This became evident when President Ronald Reagan began a new round of missile development and the Soviet Union did not.
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Which government in an Islamic country to the south did the Soviet Union support?
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Afghanistan's government. When the Afghan landlords took up arms against the government, the Soviet troops marched in.
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What are mujahedin?
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Muslin religious warriors in the mountains of Afghanistan
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What was the end effect of the Afghanistan war for the Soviet Union?
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They ended with heavy casualties, high costs, and few successes. This ended with a moral crisis in the Soviet Union.
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Who was Mikhail Gorbachev?
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He was the new, energetic leader of the Soviet Union. With the down economy and Afghanistan war, Gorbachev aimed to bring about new reforms.
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What did Gorbachev do to help end the Cold War?
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He signed arms control treaties with the U.S. and pulled troops out of Afghanistan.
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What was glasnost?
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It means openness. Gorbachev called for ending censorship and encouraged the people to discuss the countries problems openly.
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What was perestroika?
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Restructuring of the countries government and economy. Brought about by Gorbachev.
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