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Cards In This Set
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Nature vs. Nurture
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Nature is geneticNurture is through the world
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Stage Theories
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Argue that development progresses thru a series of stages. Each stage involves a specific task, once accomplished the child moves on to the next stage. *Growing child is not seen as growing quantitatively, but qualitatively.
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Continuity Theories
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Development is a steady growth process. Developmental change is described as occurring in small steps or increments. *Skills and behaviors improve, but do not change qualitatively.
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Freud and Piaget believe...
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That development is complete once one reaches adolescence.
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Erik Erikson believes...
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In life span perspective which argues that growth and change continue to occur throughout the entire life span.
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Jean Piaget(approach...and what he argues)
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-He is an example of the former approach-He argued that all children progress through the same stages of cognitive development in the same order and at the same approximate age.-There is a universality of cognitive development. -He was prominent figure in the field of cognitive psychology.
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Bronfenbrenner(theory, and explain)
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-created an ecological systems theory of development that describes various contexts in which development takes place and how the reciprocal relationships between the child and the people in these sociocultural contexts affect the childs development.
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Collectivist Cultures
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Places greater value on the common good than individual achievement.
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Individualistic Cultures
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Values individual achievement and the pursuit of individual goods.
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Cognitive-Developmental theory(who, and explain)
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-Piaget's theory-Based on the notion that cognitive abilities are developed as individuals mature physiologically and have opportunities to interact with their environment. These interactions are described as the equilibrium of accommodation and assimilation cycles or processes. When ppl encounter a new stimulus they r brought to a state of disequilibrium.
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Piaget's position and explain
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-Constructivism-He argued children construct schema, organized patterns of thought or action, based on the experiences they have actively exploring the environment.
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Piagets 4 stages of cognitive development
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Sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operations, formal operations.
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Sensorimotor stage
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Describing individuals from birth-2
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Preoerational stage
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-ages 2-7-characterized by egocentrism, ridgity of thought, semilogical reasoning, and limited social cognition.-How children go about problem solving
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Concrete operations
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-This is the beginning of operational thinking and describes the thinking of children between ages 7-11. -These learners begin to decenter. -The are able to take in viewpoints other than their own.
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