Classification-Biology Honors Test

Protein shell that encloses the viral genome

Surround virus capsids and help the virus infect hosts

A limited number of host cells that it can infect

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Have an elongated capsid head that encloses their DNA; a protein tail piece attaches the phage to the host and injects the phage DNA inside

Lytic-phage reproductive cycle that culminates in the death of the host cellLysogenic- replicates the phage genome without destroying the host

Use reverse transcriptase to copy their RNA genome into DNA: RNA-DNA-RNA-protein; prone to making errors

Retrovirus that causes AIDS; HIV targets specialized white blood cells (T-cells); its DNA is duplicated and translated into protein along with the host DNA; this dormant state can switch to a lytic state damaging T cells causing AIDS

Harmless derivatives of pathogenic microbes that stimulate the immune system to mount defenses against the actual pathogen

Viroids

Prions

Epidemic- contagious, infectious, or a viral illness that spreads to many people in one geographic region that would usually be expectedPandemic- refers to a contagious, infectious, or viral illness that spreads and may include millions of people in areas across the globe

Similarities- small, single-celled, lack organelles, and have cell walls and plasma membranesDifferences- Bacteria cell walls contain peptidoglycan, a network of sugar polymers and polypeptides while Archaea cells do not; Archaea come in many different shapes but bacteria can easily be classified by shape

Rods (bacilli)Spiral (spirilla)Spherical (cocci)

Gram-negative- bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan and stain redGram-positive- bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan and stain purple