Civil Liberties

Individual legal and constitutional protections against the government.

Civil liberties are set down in the _______; the first ten amendments to the constitution

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Assembly, and Petition

Case that stated that the Bill of Rights only restrained the federal government

Incorporated the first amendment right to freedom of speech; first case that stated that a constitutional amendment was restricting of not just the federal government but the lower governments as well

Vehicle for incorporation, equal protection clause, due process clause

The legal concept under which the Supreme Court has nationalized the Bill of Rights by making most of its provisions applicable to the states through the 14th Amendment

States that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion"

Prohibits the abridgement of citizens' freedom to worship, or not worship, as they please

Upheld a program that provided some families in Cleveland, Ohio, vouchers that could be used to pay tuition at religious schools

Declared that aid to church-related schools must: 1) Have a secular legislative purpose, 2) Have a primary effect that neigher enhances nor inhibits religion, 3) Not foster an excessive government entanglement with religion

Incorporated freedom of the press

Incorporated "no unreasonable searches and seizures"

Incorporated the exclusionary rule

Right to counsel in felony cases, not just capital cases