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Related Flashcards
Cards In This Set
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Two patterns of development
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Cephalocaudal and proximodistal
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cephalocaudal pattern of development
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The sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs at the top (the head) with physical growth and feature differentiation gradually working from top to bottom.
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Proximodistal pattern of development
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Growth starts at center of body and moves toward extremities.
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Lateralization
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Specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex or the other.
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Another name for nerve cell
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Neuron
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Axons
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Take information away from nerve cell
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Dendrites
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Bring information into nerve cell
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Synapse
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Open space between dendrites
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Myelination
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The process in which the nerve cells are covered and insulated with a layer of fat cells, which increases the speed at which information travels through the nervous system.
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Neurotransmitters
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Chemicals released from axons into synapses. These cause axons and dendrites to connect and allow information to pass from neuron to neuron.
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Blooming and pruning
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The growth and later pruning of synapses in the visual, auditory, and prefrontal cortex. It varies considerably between brain regions.
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Average child grows _______ and gains between ______ a year during early childhood; growth patterns _________; _______ has an influence on growth patterns; boys vs. girls
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2 1/2 inches, 5-7 lbs; vary individually; hereditity; boys gain muscle and girls gain fatty tissue
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Top three environmental influences on growth
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Birth order, social class, and urban vs. rural
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Mylenation in regards to childhood development; when does mylenation tend to be completed?
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Hand-eye coordination and attention focus; late elementary
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Gross motor skills example
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Any of these: hopping, jumping, running, climbing
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