Child Development Chapter 12

Adopting societal standards for right action as one's own

In which an adult helps the child notice others' feelings by pointing out the effects of the child's misbehavior on others, especially nothing their distress and making clear that the child caused it

Endorsement of moral values (such as fairness, kindness, and generosity) as central to their self-concept

A technique which involves removing children from the immediate setting- for example, by sending them to their rooms- until they are ready to act appropriately

Actively attending to and interrelating multiple perspectives on situations in which social conflicts arise and thereby attaining new moral understandings

Children in this first stage view rules as handed down by authorities (God, parents, and teachers) as having a permanent existence, as unchangeable, and as requiring strict obedience

The tendency to view mental phenomena including rules, as fixed external features of reality

A grasp of the importance of mutuality of expectations- the idea expressed in the golden rule: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you

In which they no longer view rules as fixed but see them as flexible, socially agreed-on principles that can be revised to suit the will of the majority

Morality is externally controlled. Children accept the rules of authority figures and judge actions by their consequences. Behaviors that result in punishment are viewed as bad, those that lead to rewards as good

Individuals continue to regard conformity to social rules as important, but not for reasons of self-interest. Rather, they believe that actively maintaining the current social system ensures positive human relationships and societal order

Move beyond unquestioning support for the laws and rules of their own society. They define morality in terms of abstract principles and values that apply situations and societies

Which protect people's right's and welfare

Customs determined solely by consensus such as table manners and rituals of social interaction

Such as friends, hairstyle, and leisure activities, which do not violate rights and are up to the individual