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Represents, with symbols and formulas, the identities and relative molecular or molar amounts of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction
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Chemical equation
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Indications of a Chemical Reaction:
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1. evolution of energy as heat and light
2. production of a gas
3. formation of a precipitate
4. color change
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Characteristics of chemical equations:
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1. the equation must represent known facts
2. the equation must contain the correct formulas for the reactants and products
3. the law of conservation of mass must be satisfied
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A small whole number that appears in front of a formula in a chemical equation
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Coefficient
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An equation in which the reactants and products in a chemical reaction are represented by words
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Word equation
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Represents the reactants and products of a chemical reaction by their symbols or formulas
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Formula equation
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A chemical reaction in which the products re-form the original reactants
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Reversible reaction
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Significance of a chemical equation:
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1. the coefficients of a chemical reaction indicate relative, not absolute, amounts of reactants and products
2. the relative masses of the reactants and products of a chemical reaction can be determined from the reaction's coefficients
3. the reverse reaction for a chemical equation has the same relative amounts of substances as the forward reaction
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Rules for balancing chemical equations:
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1. identify the names of the reactants and the products, and write a word equation
2. write a formula equation by substituting correct formulas for the names of the reactants and the products
3. balnce the formula equation according to the law of conservation of mass
4. count atoms to be sure that the equation is balanced
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Also known as a compound reaction, two or more substances combine to form a new compound. written as A + X --> AX
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Synthesis reaction
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A single compound undergoes a reaction that produces two or mroe simpler substances. written as AX --> A + X
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Decomposition reaction
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The decomposition of a substance by an electric current
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Electrolysis
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Also known as a replacement reaction, one element replaces a similar element in a compound. written as A + BX --> AX + B
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Single-displacement reaction
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The ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds. written as AX + BY --> AY + BX
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Double-displacement reaction
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A substance combines with oxygen, releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat (product is water vapor)
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Combustion reaction
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