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Cards In This Set
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Glucorticoid hormones
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*synthesized in adrenal cortex
*regulate metabolism of carbohydrates *decrease inflammation *involved in reaction to stress *aldosterone |
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Glycerophospholipid
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 In plant & animal membranes |
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Glycolipids
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Complex lipids that contain a carbohydrate (either glucose or galactose)
*sphingosine backbone, glucose/galactose, fatty acid |
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Sphingolipids
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Found in myelin
*sphingosine backbone, PO4, choline |
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Phosphatidic acid
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 The fatty acid on C-2 is always unsaturated |
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Sphingosine
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 See image |
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Cholesterol
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 * most abundant steroid in the human body * component of plasma membrane in all animal cells * precursor of all steroid hormones & bile salts * lowers melting point |
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Cholesterol transport from liver
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*transport of cholesterol from liver starts w/VLDL
*VLDL carried in serum *as fat is removed, density increases, becomes LDL - stays in plasma for about 2.5 days *LDL carries cholesterol into cells where specific LDL receptors bind *after binding, LDL is taken into cells where enzymes liberate free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters |
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Bile salts
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*oxidation product of cholesterol
*synthesized in liver, stored in gallbladder *secreted into intestine where they emulisfy dietary fats and aid in their absorption and digestion *glycocholate & taurocholate |
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Androgens
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Male sex hormones, synthesized in testes
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Prostaglandins
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 *family of compounds that have the 20 carbon skeleton of prostanoic acid (kite w/2 tails) *not stored in tissues, synthesized from member-bound 20 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids in response to specific physiological triggers (injury - inflammation response) |
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COX-1 enzyme
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Catalyzes normal physiological production of prostaglandins
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COX-2 enzyme
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 *production of prostaglandins in inflammation *when a tissue is injured/damaged, special inflammatory cells invade and interact with regular cells |
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Thromboxanes
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 *derived from arachiodonic acid *thromboxane A2 induces platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction *aspirin & other NSAIDs inhibit synthesis of thomboxanes by inhibiting COX enzyme |
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Leukotrienes
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-derived from arachiodonic acid
-occur mainly in leukocytes -produce muscle contractions, especially in lungs - can cause asthma-like attacks - 100x more potent than histamine - several recently developed anti-asthma drugs inhibit the synthesis of leukotrienes |
