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What are Recombinant DNA techniques?
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Make it possible to genetically alter organisms, can isolate genes from one, transfer to another
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What is genetic engineering?
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Numerous uses-agriculture, medicine, law enforcement
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What are restriction enzymes in a biologist "tool kit"
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Allow scientists to cut DNA into fragments. They recognize and cut 4 to 6 base pair nucleotide sequence, typically palindrome, generates restriction fragments, cohesive ends (sticky) that are complementary can anneal, allows creation of recombinant DNA molecules, DNA ligase joins molecules covalently
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What are recombinant DNA molecules?
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Molecules made by joining DNA from 2 different sources
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Name of a particular restriction enzyme represents the ___ from which it was first isolated?
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Bacterium
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What does a Gel electrophoresis do?
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Separates DNA bases on size, allows identification. Load wells with DNA samples, also DNA ladder, run current, DNA migrates toward + electrode, visualize, can separate RNA and proteins
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Name some uses for genetically engineered bacteria?
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Protein production, DNA production, Research tools, relies on DNA cloning
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What is DNA cloning?
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To isolate DNA, cut with restrictive enzymes, Join DNA (insert) with plasmid (vector) to generate replicating recombinant molecule, to introduce into host, example-E. coli
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DNA cloning can place ___ into high copy number vector. Host bacteria will make large amounts of the protein, each copy can be transcribed and translated.
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Genes
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Protein production is now safer and more economical, T or F?
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True
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Gene for insulin cloned into ___?
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Bacteria
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Previously, insulin extracted from ___ glands of cattle and pigs sometimes caused allergic reaction?
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Pancreatic
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Vaccine production is for what reason?
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To clone gene for specific proteins. Example, vaccines for Hep B and cervical cancer. Also for preventing foot and mouth disease of domestic animals
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Cheese production produces what?
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Chymosin (rennin), enzyme from stomachs of calves
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Synthetic bacteria may someday produce wide range of commercially valuable substances like what?
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Synthetic chromosomes in Mycoplasma mycoides
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