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Calorie
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Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.
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Glycolysis
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First step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
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Cellular Respiration
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Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
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NAD+
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Electron carrier involved in glycolysis.
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Fermentation
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Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen.
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Anaerobic
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Process that does not require oxygen.
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Aerobic
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Process that requires oxygen.
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Krebs cycle
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Second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions.
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Electron transport chain
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A series of proteins in which the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP.
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