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Cards In This Set
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Learning
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Any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs because of experience.
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Behaviorism
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The school of psychology that accounts for behavior in terms of observable acts and events, without reference to mental entities, such as "mind" or "will".
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Conditioning
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A basic kind of learning that involves associations between environmental stimuli and the organism's responses.
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Classical conditioning
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The process by which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit a response through association with a stimulus that already elicits a similar or related response.
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Unconditioned stimulus (US)
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The classical-conditioning term for an event or thing that elicits a response automatically or reflexively.
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Unconditioned response (UR)
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The classical-conditioning term for a reflexive response elicited by a stimulus in the absence of learning.
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Conditioned stimulus (CS)
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The classical-conditioning term for an initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
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Conditioned response (CR)
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The classical-conditioning term for a response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus; it occurs after the conditioned stimulus is associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
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Extinction
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The weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned response; in classical conditioning, it occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
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Spontaneous recovery
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The reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction.
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Higher order conditioning
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In classical conditioning, a procedure in which a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through associations with an already established conditioned stimulus.
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Stimulus descrimination
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The tendency to respond differently to two or more similar stimuli; in classical conditioning, it occurs when a stimulus similar to the CS fails to evoke the CR.
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Stimulus generalization
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After conditioning, the tendency to respond to a stimulus that resembles one involves in the original conditioning; in classical conditioning, it occurs when a stimulus that resembles the CS elicits the CR.
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Counterconditioning
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In classical conditioning, the process of pairing a conditioned stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response that is incompatible with an unwanted conditioned response.
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Operant conditioning
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The process by which a response becomes more likely to occur or less so, depending on its environmental consequences.
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