Canadian History Chapter 8 Vocab

A radical separatist organization of the 1960s and early 1970s which was responsible for the October Crisis of 1970.

A pro-business, "small-c" conservative nationalist party found by Maurice Duplessis in the mid-1930s. Won the election of 1936.

(1890 - 1959) Founded the Union Nationale Party in Quebec in the mid-1930s. In 1936, this pro-business "small-c" conservative nationalist party won the election and he became premier. He was defeated in 1939, but regained office in 1944 and served as premier until his death in 1959. He strongly supported Catholic Church involvement in educational and social responsibilities. He was responsible for introducing the Quebec "fleur de lis" flag in 1948, which became a symbol of Quebec nationalism.

In the early 1960s, this was promoted by the newly elected Liberal Government of Quebec, led by Premier Jean Lesage. It sought to modernize Quebec, partially by lessening the power of the Roman Catholic Church. The government established control over education and social services and also promoted more Francophone control over the Anglophone-dominated economy. The provincial government also pushed for special status for Quebec within Confederation.

"time for change", stamped out corruption, government jobs and contracts awarded for merit, wages and pensions raised, restrictions on trade unionism removed; Liberal

"Masters in our own house." This refers to the slogan of the Liberal party in the 1962 election. It meant to strengthen Quebec's control of its economy by encouraging more French participation in business activities.

Policy of creating an independent country of Quebec, advocated by the Parti Québécois since 1967.

(1922 - 1987) A member of the Liberal government in Quebec. He left the party in 1967 and founded the independent Parti Québécois. He became the Premier of the province after the election of 1976. In 1980, his government held a referendum on sovereignty-association, which was not successful, losing 60% to 40%. In 1981, he refused to agree with the compromise constitutional package that had been agreed on by Prime Minister Trudeau and the other nine provinces. The package was signed into law in 1982 without the consent of Quebec.

Established in 1963 by Prime Minister Lester Pearson, it recommended that federal government services across the country should be available in French and English. It also said that the federal civil service should be open equally to English and French speakers and that French as a second language be promoted in English-speaking parts of Canada.

After the Second World War, mainly Europeans were preferred as immigrants. By 1967, however, that had changed to accepting people from all areas, provided they met criteria for education and employment prospects. (point system)

Red Ensign with the Union Jack on it was changed to one that used maple leaves instead. An attempt to satisfy the French in Canada though it did not work

Passed by the Trudeau government to enact one of the major recommendations of the Bilingual and Bicultural Commission. The Act made Canada an officially bilingual country. It required the federal government to provide services in both languages across Canada in all federal institutions.

On October 5, 1970, members of the FLQ kidnapped British Trade Commissioner James Cross in Montreal, and demanded the release of jailed FLQ members. The demand was refused, and on October 10 the Quebec Labor Minister, Pierre Laporte, was also kidnapped. Prime Minister Trudeau then invoked the War Measures' Act on the basis of apprehended insurrection. Under the first peacetime use of the Act, several hundred Quebecers were arrested and jailed without any charge being laid. On October 16, the Canadian Army was ordered to patrol the streets of Montreal and Ottawa, and on the 17th, Pierre Laporte's body was discovered. Several weeks later, the kidnappers of Cross were discovered. He was released in exchange for the kidnappers being given safe passage to Cuba. Most people who had been arrested under the War Measures' Act were released.

The British Trade Commissioner who was kidnapped by the FLQ on October 5, 1970. He was later released in exchange for the kidnappers being given safe passage to Cuba.

Quebec Labor Minister who was kidnapped by the FLQ on October 10, 1970- five days after James Cross was taken. He was called the "Minister of Unemployment and Assimilation" by the FLQ. He was later killed by the FLQ cell that had kidnapped him.