Chapter 6; Energy and Oscillations

Any elementary mechanical device that multiplies the effect of an applied force, for example, levers, wedges, and pulleys

The ration of output force to the input force of a simple machine

Force applied to an object times distance moved, W=Fd. The force acts along the object's line of motion. The joule is the metric unit of work.

The rate of doing work, found by dividing the amount of of work done by the time, P=W/t

The energy of an object related to its motion-one half the mass multiplied by the square of the speed. KE= ½ mv²

Work done by a force acting in a direction opposite to the object's motion

Stored energy associated with the position of an object rather than the object's motion

Stored energy linked with the position of an object in a gravitational field rather than with the object's motion

Force exerted by objects that can be deformed or stretched, such as bowstring or a spring

A constant describing the relation between how far a spring is stretched or displaced and how much force it takes to do the stretching: a stiff spring has a large spring constant

Potential energy in a system that depends on the displacement from equilibrium of an elastic object like a spring

A force such as gravity or the elastic force that allows complete recovery of energy when work is done against it

The amount of mechanical energy of a system remains constant through physical changes or process

The motion of a system whose energy changes smoothly from potential to kinetic energy and back again. The motion is symmetric about the point of equilibrium and is graphed as a sinusoidal (sine) curve

In astronomy, the time it takes for an object to return to the point where it started, for example, a complete planetary orbit. In physics, a complete cycle, as of a wave