Chapter 6: Acids, Bases, and Solutions

The Solvent is the part of a solution present in the largest amount.

The Solute is the substance that is present in a solution in a smaller amount and dissolved by the solvent. A solute lowers the freezing point and raises the boiling point.

An Unsaturated solution is a solution that does not hold as much of a solute as is possible at the given temperature.

A Saturated Solution is a solution that contains as much dissolved solute as possible at a given temperature.

A Super-Saturated Solution is a solution that hold more than it normally could because of either boiling or pressure.

Among the factors that affect the solubility of a substance are temperature, pressure, and type of solvent.

A Dilute Solution is when only a little solute is dissolved in water.

A Concentrated Solution is a solution that has a large amount of solute dissolved in the solution.

You measure concentration by comparing the amount of solute to the amount of solvent or to the total amount of solution.

An Acid is any substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and turns blue litmus paper red. An Acid always starts with an H in its formula. An Acid has a low pH and is anywhere fom 0 to 6 on the pH scale.

Acid Rain is more acidic than normal rainwater. The pH of acid rain in the United States can be as low as 4.3, while normal rain water is slightly acidic with a pH of approximatly 5.5.

A Hydrogen Ion is an atom of Hydrogen that has lost its electron.

An Indicator is a compound that changes color when in contact with an acid or base.

A Base is a substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, and turns red litmus paper blue. All bases end in OH^- and is any substance that provides hydroxide ions in water. It has a high pH ranging from 8 to 14.

The pH scale is a range of values from 0 to 14. It expresses the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.