Chapter 5 Govt. Flashcards

Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by the government officials or individuals.

The constitutional amendment adopted after the Civil War that states, “No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the U.S; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protections of the laws.”

Part of the 14^th amendment, emphasizing that the laws must provide equivalent “protection” to all people.

The 1857 Supreme Court decision ruling that a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the Territories

The constitutional amendment ratified after the Civil War that forbade slavery and involuntary servitude

An 1896 S.C. decision that provided a constitutional justification for segregation by ruling that a Louisiana law requiring “equal but separate accommodations for the White and colored races” was constitutional

The 1954 S.C decision holding that school segregation in Topeka, Kansas, was inherently unconstitutional because it violated the 14^th amendment’s guarantee of equal protection. This case marked the end of legal segregation in the U.S.

The law made racial discrimination against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbade many forms of job discrimination

The legal right to vote, extended to African Americans by the 15^th amendment, to women by the 19^th amendment, and to people over the age of 18 by the 26^th amendment

Small taxes levied on the right to vote that often fell due at a time of year when poor African American sharecroppers had the least cash on hand. This method was used by most southern states to exclude African Americans from voting. Poll taxes were declared void by the 24^th amendment in 1964.

One of the means used to discourage African American voting that permitted political parties in heavily Democratic South to exclude African Americans from primary elections, thus depriving them of a voice in the real contests. The S.C. declared white primaries to be unconstitutional in 1944

The constitutional amendment passed in 1964 that declared poll taxes void in federal elections

A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American Suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered, and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically.

A 1944 S.C. decision that upheld as constitutional the internment of more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese decent in entrapments during WWII

The constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote.