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Bilateral diplomacy
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The process by which representatives of two governments meet anddiscuss matters of common concern.
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Bureaucratic politics
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A possible influence on a country’s strategy characterized bynational leaders and their subordinates engaging in foreign policydebates, building coalitions, and generally seeking to influence eachother.
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Coercive diplomacy
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Aggressive actions short of the immediate large-scale use of militaryforce (such as moving an air craft carrier closer to the shores of anothercountry) designed to convince a country to rethink some behavior.
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Covert operations
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Activities that a government directs against the interests of anothergovernment or non-state actor in such a way that the foreign targetsand others are kept from knowing that the initiating government isresponsible for the activities. Covert operations are a form of coercivediplomacy.
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Demography
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The makeup of a state’s population. This includes population size aswell as the balance between young and old, working-age and retired,etc. A state’s demography is an important element in determining itscapabilities relative to another state.
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Diplomacy
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The process by which representatives of two or more governments meetand discuss matters of common concern.
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Economic incentives
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An instrument of persuasion in foreign policy. Economic incentives are basically carrots: country A promises some economic gain to B, and delivers it if B does what A wants it to do.
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Economic sanctions
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An instrument of coercion in foreign policy. Economic sanctions are basically sticks: A threatens B with some form of economic loss if B does something A does not want it to do, or fails to do something A wants it to do.
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Foreign affairs media
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Those individuals and organizations who report or comment on foreign developments in print, on television, over radio, and through the internet.
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Framing
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The process by which media participants select or present particular elements of a news story in such a way as to influence the opinions of recipients of the story.
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Incentives
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Rewards of some form offered by one state to another designed to influence the foreign policy of the recipient. Incentives are a form of persuasion.
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Interest group
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Individuals or organizations that share a common set of political concerns and band together in an association to persuade leaders and the public to pursue, support, or accept policies that are in accord with the preferences of the association.
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Internationalism
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A strategy in which a state is fully engaged with other states through institutionalized arrangements directed at maintaining world security and promoting global economic prosperity.
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Isolationism
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A strategy in which a state avoids engaging with other states through any sort of international institutions or agreements and focuses solely on itself and its domestic politics.
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Lobbying
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Meeting and speaking with members of legislatures and officials in executive departments in an attempt to influence policy. Interest groups often engage in lobbying.
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