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Cards In This Set
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What are the two types of Diabetes and how are they different from eachother?
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Type 1: Insulin dependent. The pancreas does not produce insulin
Type 2: Acquired. Body stops producing insulin
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What are the two main hormones produced by the pancreas?
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Insulin and Glucagon
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What is one of the primary sources of energy in the body?
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Glucose
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When the quantity of glucose in the blood is sufficient, the excess is stored as _________ in the liver, skeletal muscle tissue and in adipose tissue as triglyceride body fat.
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Glycogen
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What hormone is responsible for initiating the process of Glycogenolysis?
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Glucagon
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What is Glycogenolysis?
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It is a process by which the glycogen stored in the liver, is converted back to glucose.
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Both glucagon and insulin are both secreted from the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. What is the difference between Glucagon and insulin?
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Glucagon is a single chain of amino acids and is releases from alpha cells
Insulin is composed of TWO amino chains joined by a disulphide linkage and is released by beta cells
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What is the optimal blood glucose level?
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Range between 70-100 mg/dL
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What other substances function as glucose regulators?
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Cortisol, epinephrine, and growth hormone
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What function does insulin serve?
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*stimulates carbohydrate metabolism in the skeletal and cardiac muscles.
*in the liver, it facilitates phosphorylation of glucose6phosphate, which is then converted to glycogen for storage
*fat metabolism-stimulates protein synthesis, lipgenesis and inhibits lipolysis.
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Excessive concentrations of glucose in the blood
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Hyperglycemia
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What is the key diagnostic criteria for Diabetes?
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Hyperglycemia with a fasting plasma glucose level of more than 126 mg/dL
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What is the difference between microangiopathy and macroangiopathy?
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Macro-involves large vessel damage and is usually related to plaque deposits which compromises the central and peripheal circulation
Micro-damage to the capillary vessels which imparis the peripheal circulation
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What are the three criteria for diagnosing Diabetes?
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1. Symptoms of diabetes PLUS casual glucose concentration higher than or equal to 200 mg/dL
2. Fasting plasma glucose level > 126 mg/dL
3. Two hour post load glucose level > or = to 200 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test
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What are the main characteristics of type 1 diabetes?
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*Autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas
*makes up 10% of diabetes cases
*Juvenile onset (age less than 20)
*Little or no endogenous insulin
*Normal insulin receptors
*Usually non-obese
* Treated with insulin
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