Chapter 29: World War II

Italian fascist dictator that established a totalitarian state and made plans to control the Mediterranean and to expand Italy’s empire in Africa.

When appeasement reached its peak where British and French leaders allowed Hitler to annex part of Czechoslovakia in return for his promise to make no further territorial demands.

A form of government in which a dictator and supports cooperate to seek more power for heir nation, usually at the expense of rights for individuals

A nation that totally controls the life of its people

A policy of giving aggressor nations what they wanted in order to avoid war

• Roosevelt focused on domestic affairs and events in Europe and Asia seemed distant when compared to the crisis of the Depression.
• Roosevelt pulled troops from Haiti and Nicaragua in order to practice the “good neighbor” policy where he referred to diplomacy instead of troops to restore order and experience internal isolation.
• The New Deal was put into place that adopted a policy of economic isolation, and it made attempts to solve agricultural and industrial production problems without considering the rest of the World.

• To sustain industrial growth Japan needed larger markets for its products and more raw materials for its factories.
• Growing population, needed land
• Used the war to increase its influence in China
• Japanese troops invaded and occupied mineral-rich Manchuria in northeastern China.

• Yes, to protect society if they cannot protect themselves.
• To protect trades and relations.
• To protect people from own country’s corruption

• Predicted the Munich agreement would fail to appease Hitler.
• Offered only “blood, toil, tears, and sweat,”
• Asked the US for a loan of 50 destroyers to protect British shipping from German submarines.

• September 1940
• First peacetime draft in American history
• 800,000 men were added to the armed forces.

• US’s main naval base in the Pacific located in Hawaii

German forces crossed into Poland in an attack so fast and brutal and it was referred to as “lightning war”

A borrowing of an item, wherein the United States would merely lend goods to Britain, which the British could return or replace after the war

• The United States was the only remaining obstacle to Japanese ambitions in the Pacific.
• Japan allied with the Axis Powers and the US cut off exports of scrap metal to Japan and over time, Roosevelt extended the embargo to include other products with military uses.
• US made offer to Japan that they would help them find raw materials if they abandoned their policy of conquest.
• Prince Konoye, who was willing to negotiate with the US, resigned and General Tojo, who favored war, became Prime Minister
• US continued to insist that Japan honor the Open Door policy, Japanese leaders decided that if the dispute did not come to an end, the would attack.
• Roosevelt realized war was inevitable and a Japanese fleet headed for the Pearl Harbor

• Debate between internationalists and isolationists was carried on I both major parties.
• With the United States facing war in Europe and Asia, Roosevelt felt his experience was needed.
• Most Americans did not want to gamble on a change in leadership.