Study Chapter 28 Test

Who became the 35th president of the United States on a crisp and sparkling day in January 1961? He said that the world was in its hour of maximum danger, as Cold War tensions ran high. Rather than shrinking from the danger, the United States should confront the "iron tyranny" of communism.

John F Kennedy's republican opponent was this man who hoped to win by riding on the coattails of Eisenhower's popularity. Both Kennedy and him had similar positions on policy issues. However two factors that helped put Kennedy over the top were television and the civil rights issues.

What is a policy, developed during the Kennedy administration, that involved preparing for a variety of military responses to international crises rather than focusing on the use of nuclear weapons?

About two weeks before Kennedy took office, on January 3, 1961, President Eisenhower had cut off diplomatic relations with Cuba because of a revolutionary leader named ____________ ___________. He openly declared himself a communist and welcomed aid from the Soviet Union. He gained power with the promise of democracy.

When Castro seized three American and British oil refineries, relations between the US and Cuba _________.

On the night of April 17, 1961, some 1300 to 1500 Cuban exiles supported by the U.S. military landed on the island's southern coast at Bahia de Cochinos, Bay of Pigs. Nothing went as planned. An air strike had failed to knock out the Cuban air force, although the CIA reported that it had succeeded.

Castro had a powerful ally in Moscow: _________________, who promised to defend Cuba with Soviet arms. During the summer of 1962, the flow to Cuba of Soviet weapons--including nuclear missiles--increased greatly.

For the next six days, the world faced the terrifying possibility of ___________ __________.

A few days later, Khruschev offered to remove the missiles in return for an American pledge not to invade Cuba. The United States also secretly agreed to remove missiles from Turkey.

What was a concrete wall that separated East berlin and West Berlin from 1961 to 1989, built by the Communist East German government to prevent its citizens from fleeing to the West?

Just after midnight on August 13, 1961 East German troops began to unload concrete posts and rolls of barbed wire along the border.
The Berlin Wall ended the Berlin crisis but further aggravated cold War tensions.

What was the Berlin Wall a symbol of?

In 1963, Kennedy announced that the two nations had established a _____ _________ between the White House and the Kremlin. This dedicated phone enabled the leaders of the two countries to communicate at once should another crisis arise.

Later that year, the US and Soviet Union also agreed to a _________ _________ _______ ______________ that barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere.

What was President John F Kennedy's legislative program, which included proposals to provide medical care for the elderly, to rebuild blighted urban areas, to aid education, to bolster the national defense, to increase international aid, and to expand the space program