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Cards In This Set
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Properties of eukaryotes
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Unicellular, some species form temporary or permanent colonies, smaller than eukaryotes
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Common shapes of prokaryotes
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Spheres (cocci) rods (bacilli) and spirals (spirillium)
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Functions of cell wall in prokaryotes
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These maintain cell shape, provide physical protection, and prevent cells from bursting in hypotonic environments
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Hypotonic environment effect on cells
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First prokaryotes plasmolyze, meaning they lose water and shrinkk away from cell wall. the severe water loss inhibits cell reproduction (this is why salt is used to preserve food)
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Peptidoglycan
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Network of modified suger polymers cross-linked by short polypeptides.
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Eukaryotic cell walls
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These are made up of cellulose or chitin
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Gram staining
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A technique to classify prokaryotic species into 2 groups based on cell wall composition
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Gram positive
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Simpler cell walls, large amount of peptidoglycan
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Gram negative
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Less peptidoglycan, but more complex structurally - they also contain lipopolysaccharides
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Capsule
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Covers cell wall of many prokaryotes; sticky layer layer of polysaccharide or protein. enables cell to build colonies and protects it from dehydration.
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Fimbrae
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Hair protein appendages that allow cells to connect to one another aka attachment pili (shorter, more abundant than sex pili)
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Sex pili
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Appendages that pull 2 cells together prior to dna trasnfer
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Flagella
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1/10th of the size of eukaryotic version, these are various stractures used by prokaryotes to move. may be scattered around cell surface or allocated to either ends of the cell
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Taxis
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Movement towards or away from a stimuli. only prok's do this. positive this means to move toward stimuli, like food; negative this means to move away, like from toxins.
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Nucleoid
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Region of cytoplasm that appears lighter than surrounding cytoplasm in electron mircographs; also where chromosome is located.
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