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Upon the outbreak of World War I, the
world quickly devolved into two armed and allied camps: the "Central
Powers" consisting of
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A)
Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Turkey, and the
"Allies," consisting of France, Great Britain, Russia,
and Japan.
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Although the combatants in the Great War had
individual objectives, all aimed to
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A)
secure wealth
and power for the postwar era.
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The "cult of the offensive,"
which both sides in World War I wholeheartedly adopted, was uniquely unsuited
to
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A)
the
advanced weaponry developed since the 1870-1871 Franco-Prussian War.
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Military leaders Paul von Hindenberg
(1847-1934) and Erich Ludendorf (1865-1937), who
gained near dictatorial powers over Germany during the war, gained hero status when
they
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A)
stopped the
massive Russian army on the eastern front.
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In 1916, the battles of Verdun and the Somme
not only accounted for more than two million soldiers dead and wounded, but
also reflected
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A)
military leaders' belief that the war could be won with a single
overwhelming victory.
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World War I was called a "total war" because
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A)
the entire industrial capacity of the state, as well as all civilian
and military personnel, was mobilized to
fight the war.
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The single most significant aspect of
German military policy in terms of its provocative effect on the United States
and subsequent U.S.
involvement in the war was
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A) unrestricted submarine warfare.
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A major source of
discontent in the cities across Europe in the
spring of 1917 was
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A)
food
shortages and deteriorating living conditions.
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By 1917, efforts to put an end to the war
mushroomed across the European continent, including all of the following except
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A)
a rebellion in Vienna
led by students who temporarily took hold of the Austrian parliament.
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Among all the combatants the world over,
the country that suffered the greatest number of casualties, with some 7.5
million dead during World War I, was
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A)
Russia.
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In April 1917, the
Germans moved to destabilize Russia
by
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A)
providing
safe rail transportation back to Russia for Lenin and other
Bolsheviks.
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. After the Bolsheviks overthrew
Kerensky's Provisional Government, they agreed to support elections for a
constituent assembly, which led
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A)
to a
disappointing show of support for the Bolsheviks.
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The Russian Provisional
Government lost popular support because it
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A)
failed to win
military victories.
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The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed by Germany and Russia early in
1918,
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A)
pulled Russia out of
the war and changed the balance of the conflict.
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In October of 1918, what did the German
high command do to deflect the blame for Germany's total defeat away from
the military?
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A)
They created a civilian government and tricked its
inexperienced politicians into taking responsibility for the catastrophe
and suing for peace.
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