World War I Chapter 23

began as a small fraction of a Marxist party called the Russian Social Democrats.
*the Bolsheviks came under the leadership of (V.I. Lenin)

guided German military operations, decided to make one final military gamble—a grand offensive in the west to break military stalemate.

a British officer who urged Arab princes to revolt against their Ottoman overloads. In 1918, British forces from Egypt mobilized troops from India, Australia, and New Zealand and destroyed the Ottoman Empire.

the leader of the Bolsheviks. They became a party dedicated to violent revolution and that is could destroy the capitalist system.

president of U.S., states that the men/women in the U.S. filling all the jobs that the men left and working the farms/factories is helping the war just as much like the men who are actually in combat.

were councils composed of representatives from workers and soldiers who challenged government authority.

Admiral that expressed concern for the United States.

A military draft, as a regular practice before 1914. (exceptions were U.S. and Britain.)

Government ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause

Declared that Germany (and Austria) were responsible for starting the war. The treaty ordered Germany to pay reparations for all damages that the Allied governments and their people had sustained as a result of the war.

France, Great Britain, and Russia

Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Italy

Bulgaria had joined Austria- Hungary, Germany (ottoman empire)

Italy joined France, Great Britain and Russia

Called for a two-front war with France and Russia since the two had formed a military alliance in 1894. Germany would conduct a small holding action against Russia while most of the German army would carry out a rapid invasion of France. This meant invading France by moving quickly along the level coastal area through Belgium. After France was defeated, the German invaders would move to east against Russia. German could not mobilize its troops solely against Russia. Therefore, it declared war on France.