History Chapter 1:

-Venus of Willendorf (Willendorf, Austria)-Limestone-4 1/4" (fits in your hand)
-"Paleolithic" (28,000-25,000 BC)-Typical Paleolithic representation of women, whose child-bearing capabilities ensured the survival of the species.

From the Greek paleo - "old"; lithos - "stone"Old Stone Age, during which humankind produced the first art objects beginning 30,000 BC*Humankind went beyond the recognition of human and animal forms to the representation of them.

Willendorf (Austria)Laussel & Lascaux (France)Salisbury Plain, England

-Woman holding a bison horn(Laussel, France)
-Limestone-18" high-Paleolithic (25,000 - 20,000 BC)One of the oldest relief sculptures.

In sculpture, figures projecting from a background of which they are part of. The degree of relief is designated high, low (bas), and sunken (hollow).example: Woman holding a bison horn

-Two bison(France)-Clay-2' long-Paleolithic (15,000 - 10,000 BC)-Modeled in clay (with hands/tools) against rock as opposed to cutting into rock surface.

-Spotted horses and negative hand imprints(France)-Wall painting-11' 2" long-Paleolithic (22,000 BC)Hand-prints (signature) were negative meaning pigment was blown over the hand. The horse on the right may have been inspired by the rock formation.

-Hall of the Bulls(Lascaux, France)-Wall painting-11' 6" long-Paleolithic (15,000 - 13,000 BC)-Many of the animals are colored silhouettes, but others were created by outline alone (the two basic approaches to painting in the history of art.)

(Also know as "twisted perspective")A convention of representation in which part of a figure is shown in profile and another part is shown frontally; it is a descriptive, as opposed to a strictly optical, method of representation. example: The bull in the Hall of the Bulls

-Rhinoceros, wounded man, and bison(Lascaux, France)-wall painting-3' 8" long-Paleolithic (15,000 - 13,000 BC)-First example of a narrative. One of the first where man (as opposed to woman) is depicted.

-Great Stone Tower(Jericho)-28' high-Neolithic (8,000 - 7,000 BC)-First known stone fortifications-Building/society...pop 2,000-Monumental stone structures were common among Neolithic period

-Landscape with volcanic eruption(Catal Hoyuk, Anatolia...now Turkey)-watercolor copy of a wall painting-Neolithic (6150 BC)-Represents Catal Hoyuk.-Geographical narrative...first true landscape painting (no humans or animals appear) Mt Hasan (volcano) in background

-Stonehenge(Salisbury, England)-97' in diameter-Neolithic (2550 - 1600 BC)-Megalithic monument-Solar calendar

Literally, "great stone"' a large, rougly hewn stone used in the construction of monumental prehistoric structures.ex: Stonehenge

An arrangement of huge stones in a circle; also called a henge.