Do You Know These Prokaryotic Bacteria and Viruses Flashcards

Microscopic unicellular organisms. Lack a nuclear membrane and other membrain- bound organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Prokaryotic organisms that belong to Domain Bacteria. Live in nearly every environment on Earth and are important in the human body, industry, and food production.

Live in extreme environments and are sometimes called extremeophiles

Live in hot, acidic environments including sulfur hot springs, thermal vents on the ocean floor and around volcanoes. They will die if in the presence of oxygen

Live in very salty environments. Usually aerobic and some carry out a unique form of photosynthesis using a protein instead of the pigment chlorophyll

Third group of archaea. Obligate anaerobes, they cannot live in the presence of oxygen. They use carbon dioxide during respiration and give off mathane as a waste product. Found in sewage treatment plants, swamps, bogs, and near volcanic vents. Even thrive in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other animals and are responsible for the gases that are released from the lower digestive tract.

Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan, archaea do not. Different lipids in their plasma membranes and different ribosomal proteins and RNA. Ribosomal proteins in archaea are similar to eukaryotic cells.

Microscopic, unicellular organisms. Lack a nuclear membrane and other membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondia and chloroplasts.

Area in prokaryotic cell that contains a large, circular chromosome

Polysaccharide layer secreted around the cell wall by some prokaryotes that prevents the cell from drying out and helps the cell attach to environmental changes. Prevents the bacteria from being engulfed by white blood cells and shelters the cell from the effects of antibiotics.

Submicroscopic, hairlike structures that are made of protein. Helps bacterial cells attach to surfaces. Can serve as a bridge between cells.

Spherical or round prokaryotes are called cocci. Rod-shaped prokaryotes are called bacilli Spiral-shaped prokaryotes are called spirochetes or spirilli.

Division of a cell into two genetically identical cells. The prokaryotic chromosome replicates, and the original chromosome and the new copy separate. The cell gets larger, new piece of plasma membrane and cell wall forms and separates into two identical cells. This can happen every 20 minutes is the environmental conditions are ideal.

Must live in areas where there is light. At the base of some food chains and release oxygen into the environment

Do not require light for energy. Break down and release inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen or sulfur.