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Cards In This Set
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Comparison of Nervous System and Endocrine System?
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1. Both use chemicals that bind to specific receptors on their target cells.2. They share many chemical messengers(Hormones for ES - Neurotransmitter for NS)3. Regulated primarily by negative feedback system4. Common goal preserving homeostasis.
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Name the four mechanisms of intercellular communication: Remember: DPES
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1. Direct Communication2. Paracrine Communication3. Endocrine Communication4. Synaptic Communication
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Describe "Direct Communication"
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Transmission: Through Gap JunctionsIons, small solutes, and lipid soluble materials mediate chemicals.
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Describe Paracrine Communication:
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Transmission: Through extracellular fluidChemical mediators: Paracrine Factors*Target cells must have appropriate receptors.
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Describe Endocrine Communication:
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Transmission: Through the blood streamChemical mediators: Hormones
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Describe Synaptic communication:
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Transmission: Across SynapsesChemical mediators: Neurotransmiter
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What are the 3 groups based on chemical structures?
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Amino Acid DerivativesPeptide HormonesLipid Derivatives
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Explain Amino Acid Derivatives
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This group includes1.Thyroid Hormones. The compounds 2.Epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine which is classified as catecholamines.3. Melatonin which is also known as tryptophan, which is secreted in the pineal gland.
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Explain Peptide Hormones
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Synthesized as prohormones, and includes most hormones of the body. EX: (Hormones that are secreted by the hypothalamus, heart, thymus, digestive tract and pancreas)
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Explain Lipid Derivatives
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Consist of carbon rings and side chains built from either fatty acids (eicosanoids) or cholesterol (steroid molecules)
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What are eicosanoids?
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Important paracrine factors that coordinate cellular activities. Leukotrienes: Have 2ndary roles as hormonesProstaglandins: Involved primarily in coordinating local cellular activities.
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What are steroid hormones?
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Released by the reproductive organs*Angrodgens by the testes*Progesterone and Estrogen in ovaries
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Name the organs of the endocrine system. What are the secondary organs?
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•Includes those organs whose primary function is hormone release•Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas (pancreatic islets), pineal gland, parathyroid glands•Many other organs contain tissues that secrete hormones, but endocrine function is secondary•Heart, kidneys, intestines, thymus, reproductive organs
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What is the function of the hypothalamus?
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Secretes hormones involved with fluid balance and smooth muscle contraction.Provides highest level of endocrine function by integrating NS/ES.
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What is the function of the pituitary gland?
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Secretes multiple hormones that regulate the endocrine activities of the adrenal cortex, thyroid gland, and reproductive organs.
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