Chapter 14: Empires & Encounters

High death toll for Native Populations, from diseases and murder.

Largest transfer of goods, animals, plants, and humans in history. It revolutionized the world= first exchange b/w hemisphere.

People who were born in Spain.

Were mixed European & Native heritages or decent. They were under the Spanish empire's control of the American colonies.

Atlantic trade system developed to become one of the most influential and dominant forces during its time period. The changes in population, politics, economics, and culture that took place as a result of the system played a significant role intransforming both North and South America. One aspect that proved to be fundamental to the Atlantic trade system was theplantation complex.

Settler colonies are colonies that contain people from other countries for example NZ, Africa and Australia.

Immense expanse, the Russians constructed what was then the world's largest territorial empire.

Word for "tribute" that was used in Imperial Russia to designate fur tribute exacted from the indigenous peoples of Siberia. Yasak may be traced to a tax collected from native, primarily non-Turkic populations in the Golden Horde.

Began 1690s, They used defense against other nomadic people scared of invasions, so they expand the chinese territories using it has a buffer. It is a non-empire empire, who left those conquered lands alone. Loss of nomadic lifestyles for conquer.

1526-1707 Today's India, it united India division b/w ruling Muslis (20%) and conqured Hindus (80%). Akbar being their ruler.

A ruler of the Mughal Empire who follows under tolerance and peace.

Akbar left hand man, Who was the opposite of the Akbar. Under the Islamic supremacy and opposition.

Now today's Mediterranean Basin, they were the defender of Islamic faith, conquered Byzantine empire. Cross cultural encounter frontier conquest in South East Europe. Christians and Jews were allowed for cultural autonomy so Europe saw them as a threat.

Constantinople the Ottoman Empire's new capital , siege by the Ottoman Empire, under the command of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II, against the defending army commanded by Byzantine Emperor Constantine XI.

Devshirme is from Turkish, meaning "gathering". Devshirme was a system that took place under the Ottoman Empire. The system of devshirme was introduced under Sultan Murad 2 in the 1420's. The sultan would collect Christian boys from the Balkans and turn them into hisslaves. Usually the boys were around the ages of 8 or 10 but sometimes even as old as 20. The purpose of this was to ensure that the sultan would have loyal troops and civil servants.