Gender Chapter 13

A person's biological identity: their chromosomes, physical manifestations of their identity and hormonal influences

A person's social and cultural identity as male or female

The process by which a child becomes aware of his or her gender and acquires motives, values, and behaviors considered appropriate for members of that sex

A behavior, value, or motive that members of a society consider more typical or appropriate for members of one sex

A social prescription, usually directed toward females, that one should be cooperative, kind, nurturant, and sensitive to the needs of others

A social prescription, usually directed towards males, that one should be dominant, independent, assertive, competitive, and goal-oriented

The ability to mentally manipulate or otherwise draw inferences about pictorial information

Phenomenon whereby people cause others to act in accordance with the expectations they have about those others

One's awareness of one's gender and its implications

A magnification of sex differences in early adolescence; associated with increased pressure to conform to traditional gender roles

Children's tendency to associate with same-sex playmates and to think of the other sex as an outgroup

The notion that psychological differences between the sexes and other gender-role stereotypes are created and maintained by differences in socially assigned roles that men and women play (rather than attributable to biologically evolved dispositions)

A genetic anomaly in which a male fetus is insensitive to the effects of male sex hormones and will develop female external genetalia

The finding that people who reach puberty late perform better on visual/spatial tasks than those who mature early

A genetic anomaly that causes one's adrenal glands to produce unusually high levels of androgen from the prenatal period onward; often has masculinizing effects of female fetuses