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Cards In This Set
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-transmission of traits from one generation to the next
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Heredity
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-along with inherited similarity, there is also this
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Variation
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-scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation-revolutionizes medicine and agriculture -DNA is material of this-genome sequences are rapidly accumulating
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Genetics
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-parents endow offspring with coded info in the form of these hereditary units -genetic link to parents -account for family resemblances -info passed on in form of specific sequence of DNA nucleotides in each -cells translate these into physical features-most program cells to synthesize enzymes and proteins, whose actions produces inherited traits
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Genes
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-reproductive cells-vehicles that transmit genes from one generation to next-during fertilization, male and female gametes unite, passing on genes of both parents
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Gametes
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-gene's specific location along the length of a chromosome -genetic endowment consists of genes carried on chromosomes we inherited from parents
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Locus
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-way organisms that reproduce offspring that are exact copies of themselves -single individual is sole parent and passes copies of all genes to offspring-can reproduce by mitotic division -gives rise to a clone-genetic differences occasionally arise as a result of mutations
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Asexual reproduction
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-two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from both -offspring vary from siblings and parents
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Sexual reproduction
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-generation-to-generation sequence of stages in reproductive history of organism, from conception to production of own offspring
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Life cycle
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-any cell other than those for gamete formation-have 46 chromosomes -during mitosis chromosomes condense-2 chromosomes of each of 23 types -also called autosomes
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Somatic Cell
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-resulting ordered display when chromosomes line up in pairs from longest to shortest-pairs have same length, centromere position, and staining pattern
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Karotype
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-the two chromosomes that pair up and have same length, centromere position, and staining pattern -both chromosomes in each pair carry genes controlling the same inherited characters -Ex: eye color gene will be on same locus on each of these chromosomes -inherit one from each parent
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Homologous Chromosomes (homologs)
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-only small parts of these are homologous-most of genes carried on one do not have counterparts on the other -determine sex
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X & Y Sex Chromosomes
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-any cell with two chromosome sets -has 2n chromosomes -n=chromosomes in a single set-humans: 46 (2x23) in somatic cells
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Diploid Cell
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-each has n chromosomes -humans: n=23 -22 automes + 1 sex chromosome-unfertilized egg contains and X, but a sperm may contain an X or a Y
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Haploid cells
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