Chapter 13 - The Development of Self-Concept

- Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
- Initiative vs. Guilt
- Industry vs. Inferiority
- Identity vs. Role Confusion

- This is found in toddlerhood
- where the child needs to feel secure about being away from the parents
- To successfully pass this stage, they must be able to do things for themselves.
- If they fail, this results in shame & doubt.

- this is when the child can take on new tasks and play activities
- Initiative is the planning part of autonomy. (ex. im going to make games)
- failure leads to guilt (where you don't feel on your own terms, that you didn't live up to your expectations)

- This is where children strive to develop competence in skills that are valued in their culture
- Industry means making a place for yourself in the world

- Where you know who you are and where you're going in life
- one has to work through these things by themselves and in front of others
- ongoing process

- existential self: sense of personal identity
- categorical self: includes physical appearance, personality traits, and cognitive abilities.

- one's own assessment of who they are, their beliefs and what they are like
- this generally comes out at about 2 years
- develops with parents and significant others

- Preschoolers typically focus on external appearances (and treat emotions and attitudes the same way)
- they cannot yet refer to traits or characteristics
- they explain possessions, skills, and physical features

- they start to use more internal descriptors
- they are now able to distinguish between internal and external
- explaining psychological and behavioral characteristic

- A theory of personality
- where it allows the adolescent to preduct what their friends will be like (based on how others act/behave)
- ex. if someone is competitive, we don't expect them to be a very generous with other people

- The part of the system concerned with the children's knowledge about themselves

- perceptual processes play a role in the infant recognizing their separateness
- newborns can connect sensory input with motor responses.

- the understanding that they can be the agents or causes of events that occur in their world.
- appears to develop through early interactions with caregivers.

- the ability to recognize oneself
- like the rouge test for babies

- it relates to temperament, especially in babies with stressful situations
- linked to the emergence of self-conscious emotions of embarassment, empathy, and jealousy.