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Anarchists
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Late nineteenth century Russian terrorists who used assassination by bomb as a means to incite popular revolt against the state.
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Failed states
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States that lack the basic institutions and capacities of government – taxing, policing, upholding the rule of law, protecting property, providing public roads and services, and maintaining control over territory.
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Pirates
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Non-state gangs who commit robbery or criminal violence on the high seas.
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Privateers
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Privately owned ships hired by European governments, primarily in the 17th century, to attack and harass Spanish ships in the Caribbean. In addition to taking half of the spoils, European governments benefited from not having to build larger navies to deal with Spanish dominance.
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Privatization of war
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The idea that the states no longer have a monopoly on the effective use of violence. As technology advances, private parties have greater and greater capacities to wage war and engage in violence.
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Responsibility to Protect
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An international norm that says that if a particular state is inflicting harm or violence on its own citizens or if it is unable to protect its own citizens from harm or violence, the international community has the right, indeed the obligation, to act.
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Taliban
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A radical Islamist group that developed into a politico-religious organization and seized power in the Afghan capital of Kabul, eventually capturing as much as 95 percent of the country by 2000.
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Warlords
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Private authority figures who control their own local armies or militias.
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Weak states
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States with functioning central governments but only weak control over their territory and borders.
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