Chapter 11 - Motives and Personality

Internal state that direct behaviours.Often caused by a deficit, but can be cause by growth needs.A need is a state of tension within a person, and when satisfied, the tension goes away.

A need states that a certain trend is apt to occur. A need organizes action by compelling a person to fulfill the need.The process of satisfying needs reduces the state of tension.Each person has a hierarchy of needs: they exist in different levels in strengthPress: environmental motivations that compel us to act on our needs - alpha (objective) beta (subjective perception)

AchievementExhibitionOrderDominanceAbasement - to submit and accept blame & criticismAggressionAutonomyBlame avoidanceAffiliationNurturanceSuccor - receive aid

TAT - sensitive to state levels of specific needs (momentary amount of need)Trait levels - average tendency of a need

Implicit motivation - deep, unconscious, motivation... predict long term outcomes. TAT testedSelf-attributed motivation - self awareness of conscious motives... predict immediate performance. questionnaire tested

Achievement (to succeed) - high = moderate levels of challenge, enjoy personal responsibility, want feedbackGender differences - life outcomes differ. men = career. women = family or family and work. Early experiences: women stressful early life, men parental support
Power (have influence over others) - prefer friends less popular. Men and women same in levels and outcome. men are aggressive. Power stress: when high in power does not get way - health issuesIntimacy (readiness for close relationships) - not necessarily extroverts. women higher on average

Based on the need for growth, and on personal responsibility and choice. self actualization: to become everything that one is capable of becoming

PhysiologicalSafetyBelongingnessEsteemSelf-actualizationlower are more pressing, and must be satisfied first. Flow: Involved in something to the point of forgetting time and everything else. Peak experiences

Fully functioning: on your way to becoming self actualized. positive regardConditions of worth... conditional positive regardAnxiety: having experience that does not fit with self concept - change world (distortion), or change self (fully functioning person)Emotional intelligenceclient centered therapy - acceptance, positive regard, empathy (empathy can be taught)