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Cards In This Set
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Øany
act performed with the goal of benefiting another person.
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Prosocial behaviour
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is the desire to help another
person even if it involves a cost to the helper
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Altruism
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ØEvolutionary
psychology suggests
that prosocial
behaviour
occurs in part because of:
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- kin selection - norm of reciprocity - social norms
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Ø(behaviour
that helps a genetic relative is favoured
by natural selection).
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Kin selection
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Ø(the expectation that helping
others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future).
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- norm of reciprocity
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Ø(the ability to learn social norms,
e.g. altruism, has survival advantage)
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Social norms
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ØSocial
exchange theory argues that altruistic behaviour:
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ØCan be based on self-interest.
ØStems from the desire to maximize
our outcomes and minimize our costs.
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ØSocial
exchange theory argues that the rewards of helping include:
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ØInvestment in the future (someday
someone will help you when you need it)
ØRelieve the distress of the
bystander
ØSocial approval/increased
self-worth
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Øis
defined as the ability to put ourselves in the shoes of another person,
experiencing events and emotions the way that person experiences them.
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Empathy
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Øsuggests
that, if a person feels empathy towards another person, the person will help
her/him when help is needed, regardless of what the person has to gain.
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- empathy-altruism hypothesis
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Ørefers
to the aspects of a person’s makeup that are said to make him or her likely to
help others in a wide variety of situations.
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Altruistic personality
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Men are more likely to...
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To perform chivalrous and heroic acts
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Women are more likely to...
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Be helpful in long term relationships that involve greater commitment
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In all cultures people are more likely to...
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help
a member of their in-group, the
group with which an individual identifies and of which s/he feels a member.
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In all cultures people are less likely to
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Øhelp a member of an
out-group, a
group with which the individual does not identify.
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