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Related Flashcards
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Cards In This Set
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Drugs are available in several different forms or preparations, what are they?
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Semisolid (creams, foams, gels, ointment)Solid (capsule, tablet-via PO)Liquid (solutions, suspension, emulsion)Gas (inhalation anesthetic agents)
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In surgery, the medication order may be one of several types, what are they?
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Standing orders (protocol)Verbal (requested by physician)STAT (drug administered immediately & one time)PRN (pro re nata; given as needed)
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What are the three major categories of medication administration routes?
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-Enteral: medication is taken into the GI tract, primarily by mouth (orally)-Topical: applied to the skin surface or a mucous membrane-lined cavity-Parenteral: any route other than the digestive tract, the most common of which are SubQ, IM, and IV
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Pharmacokinetics
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The study of what the body does to drugs (how the body processes drugs); The four processes are: absorption (body system varies by administration route), distribution (circulatory system), biotransformation (liver), excretion (kidney).
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Pharmacodynamics
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The study of what drugs do to the body (how drugs affect the body)
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Biotransformation
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Liver is the primary site; change lipid-soluble drug molecules into water-soluble molecules that can be more easily excreted; process similar to metabolism
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Bioavailability
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The degree to which the drug molecule reaches the site of action to exert its administration into the blood
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Absorption
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Process by which a drug is taken into the body and moves from the site of administration into the blood.
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Distribution
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Drug molecules eventually diffuse out of the blood stream to the site of action in the process
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Excretion
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Medications taken into the body are eliminated
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Indication
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The reason or purpose for giving a medication
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Contraindications
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Reasons against giving a particular drug
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Onset
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The time between administration of a drug and the first appearance of effects; can be affected by the administration route, the absorption rate, and the efficiency of distribution to the site of action.
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Duration
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The time between onset and disappearance of drug effects; refers to the length of time the drug concentration is in the therapeutic range
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Side Effect
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A predictable but unintended effect of a drug; rarely serious, but usually unavoidable; example is drowsiness when taking antihistamines
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