Ch. 3-3 Nonmetals and Metalloids

Lack most of the properties of metals. located to the right of the zigzag line on the periodic table. solid nonmetals are brittle. They usually have lower densities than metals. poor conductors. most, except group 18, readily form compounds

Molecules of two identical atoms. Ex. O2

Group 14. 4 valence electrons, tend to gain, lose or share 4 electrons.

Compounds made of long chains of carbon atoms

Group 15. Has 5 valence electrons, tends to gain/share 2 electrons.

Nitrogen

Group 16, elements have 6 valence electrons. Usually gain or share 2 electrons.

Oxygen is the most abundant element in Earth's crust and second most abundant element in the atmosphere. Is very reactive, and can combine w/ almost any element. 

Group 17, has 7 valence electrons, usually gains/shares 1. Very reactive, most of them (uncombined) are dangerous to humans. 

Group 18, 8 valence electrons–> chemically unreactive and stable. used in glowing electric lights. exist in earth's atmosphere, but only in small amounts.

Has 1 proton and 1 electron. Can't be grouped into a family b/c its chemical properties are very different than the other elements. 

Elements w/ some of the characteristics of metals and nonmetals. Most useful property: are semiconductors.

Silicon

Substance that under some conditions conduct electricity, like a metal, and under other conditions don't conduct electricity, like a nonmetal.

On the border btwn. the metals and the nonmetals are the seven elements called metalloids.