CENS 303B Final

Now means the destruction of Jews by Nazis during a specific time; attempt to eliminate all European Jews.
-historians currently trying to add other targeted groups to the definition

c. 1250: holocaust (not capitalized) [Greek holo + kaustos {to burn}]
-not specific to the event, used to be "a" holocaust, is now "the" Holocaust [1941]
-generic term used biblically: sacrifice by fire, burnt offering, destruction with a sacrificial element
-used in WWI by Jews in the Pale of Settlement (part of Russia where only Jews lived)

Targeted attack/killing of Jews (carried out by everyday people). Used in the Pale of Settlment (would refer to them as "a" holocaust)
Russian word for attack. Reference point for Jews coming from the East

Hebrew term from the Middle Ages when Jews were murdered
-close to meaning "catastrophe" [origins in clash and din]
Ha Shoah = The Holocaust
-->term used to be general and is now specific

Intention to eliminate a group; includes mass numbers
Origin: genos [Greek: race/tribe] + cide [Latin: killing]
Term created by Raphael Lemkin before the Holocaust (was thinking of slaughter of Armenians by Turks & Christians).
Thought a term needed to be created in 1933, in 1941 "cide" was added to "genos"
Lemkin worked singe-handedly for the term; lobbied for crimes against humanity
"Genocide" was used in the Nuremburg Trials
Dec. 9 1948: Convention on Prevention & Pnishment on crime of genocide was adopted unanimously

Creator of the term "Genocide"
-lobbied for crimes against humanity
-fought Nazis in Warsaw as a partisan
-lecturer on international law
-worked on the front lines
-died in 1959
-worked for 15y on term
-twice nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize
-On board of UN

1978 TV broadcast used "The Holocaust" and there wasa commission by President Carter on "The Holocaust"

Coined by Adolf Eichmann
Euphemism used by the Nazis about their plans for the Jews. Term came after the beginning of the war out of the Third Reich.
Nazis used lots of euphemistic language that usually meant the opposite of what they sounded.

Auschwitz-Birkenau, Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Majdanek

-where most of the killing occurred; all on Polish occupied land (German camps)
-designed to kill victims asap (unique from other camps)
-built where highest number of Jews were

Conforming to another culture; giving up own in process (my defintion...)

Part of a large group without being assimilated, still have your culture (like multiculturalism...? my definition...)

Most outward appearances of being assimilated, but not completely

Non-fiction work written by the person. It focuses on one point/event in time and does not involve outside research. Memory is a significant aspect and it is more likely to have errors. Partial piece of history from one view (important to understand the vantage point of the author)
-->not the same as an autobiography

Latin origin: a daily allowance
Sequential, written mainly by hand, mostly a single author, non-fiction, personal (not expecting to be read; Holocaust literature can be the exception because some did expect others to read them), introspective, each excerpt is relatively short, describes specific events, don't know what will happen the next day (different from memoir)
-style that falls in and out of favour
-don't have titles; those are imposed afterwards

Book written about someone's life (own definition)
In terms of the Holocaust, mostly written about perpetrators; fiction taken over because of lack of perpetrator literature
-also write about rescuers/heroes (redemptive literature)

Fiction (can mix non-fiction)
-generally written by writers (as opposed to memoirs by everyday people)
-more dialogue (memoir won't remember discussions)
-Holocust writers choose novel over memoir in order to add dialogue etc.